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While wearable devices enable remote monitoring, their long-term use is often limited by user compliance, comfort issues, battery dependence, and disruption of daily routines. To address these limitations, unobtrusive home-based health monitoring systems have emerged, integrating sensing technologies into domestic environments and everyday objects. This review provides a system-level analysis of unobtrusive health monitoring technologies for smart homes. It examines seven major sensing approaches, including camera-, laser-, radar-, infrared-, mechanical-, bioelectrical-, and optical-based sensors, and their integration into four home environments: living areas, bathrooms, bedrooms, and home offices. For each sensing modality, the operating principles, monitored physiological parameters, representative applications, and key advantages and limitations are discussed. Overall, existing solutions reveal trade-offs among measurement accuracy, robustness in real home conditions, energy autonomy, privacy preservation, and user acceptance. Heart rate and respiratory rate are the most commonly monitored parameters, while multimodal and clinically validated systems remain limited. Although unobtrusive sensing technologies show strong potential for proactive and personalized healthcare, challenges related to accuracy, interoperability, privacy, and cost continue to hinder large-scale adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16050250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:32:22Z","timestamp":1777469542000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unobtrusive Sensing at Home Towards Healthcare 5.0: Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4913-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6625-0781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Department of Electronics, Telecomunications & Informatics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8729-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florinda","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-1215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication (i3N\u2014Aveiro), Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansari, N., Mittal, P., Ajmera, P., and Dadhich, A. 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