{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:35:40Z","timestamp":1785418540002,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004773","name":"University of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24IRTSTHN003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24IRTSTHN003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["24IRTSTHN003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24IRTSTHN003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003xyzq10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Leaders in Central Plains of Henan Province","award":["254200510029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["254200510029"]}]},{"name":"2024 Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","award":["242300421208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242300421208"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province","award":["262102310238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262102310238"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22474072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22474072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["22474072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22474072"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) seriously affects human health worldwide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and glutamate are important biomarkers of AD, which play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, two ligands were used to synthesize a layered covalent organic framework (TPCOF) via amide bond formation, which was loaded with cobalt to obtain Co-TPCOF. TPCOF has a twisted 2D layered structure, along with large interlayer spacing and porosity, enabling precise Co coordination and stable loading of metal nanoparticles\/enzymes to support electrocatalysis. A Co-TPCOF was immobilized on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) to catalyze the oxidation of NADH. After that, the oxidation product NAD+ of NADH and the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase immobilized on the electrode jointly catalyzed the glutamate in the solution. COFs\u2019 unique structures endow Co-TPCOFs with excellent NADH catalytic activity. The Co-TPCOF\/SPE showed good linearity for NADH (10 nM-5 mM, LOD 7.07 nM) and GDH\/Co-TPCOF\/SPE for glutamate (50 \u03bcM-5 mM, LOD 3.74 \u03bcM). The biosensor can sensitively detect trace NADH and glutamate in human serum, providing an adequate technical means and theoretical reference for the pathological research of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16050271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:35:43Z","timestamp":1778528143000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fabrication of Co-Doped Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with Mild Interlayer Stress for Quantitative Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yubing","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoran","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maotian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Biomarker Detection and Diagnosis for Neurodegenerative Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.09.075","article-title":"The path forward in Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapeutics: Reevaluating the amyloid cascade hypothesis","volume":"16","author":"Tolar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09893","article-title":"Microfluidic integrated organic electrochemical transistor with a nanoporous membrane for amyloid-\u03b2 detection","volume":"15","author":"Koklu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01111-z","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of AD markers using naked eyes: Point-of-care testing with paper-based lateral flow immunoassay","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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