{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:27:09Z","timestamp":1779103629872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Science and Technology Development Program Project","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS384"]}]},{"name":"Regional Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32560233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32560233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noble metal nanostructures based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can induce metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), significantly improving trace detection sensitivity for biomedical and chemical analysis. While self-assembly of noble metal nanoparticles offers simplicity and low equipment dependence, achieving large-area, uniform, and controllable nanostructures remains challenging. In this study, angle-dependent dip coating (ADDC) technology was employed to achieve efficient, controllable self-assembly of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glass slides, establishing a fabrication process for MEF\/SERS dual-functional substrates. A stable AgNPs-anhydrous ethanol suspension was prepared and extracted from an inclined substrate reservoir using a microfluidic syringe pump, enabling large-area uniform nanostructure assembly. Systematic investigation revealed that substrate inclination angle provides better morphology and fluorescence enhancement control than withdrawal flow rate. The silver nanostructured surface fabricated under a withdrawal flow rate of 16 mL\/h and a substrate inclination angle of 30\u00b0 exhibited a Cy3 detection limit as low as 10\u22121 nM, with an enhancement factor ranging from 19.14 to 28.66, as well as an R6G SERS detection limit of 10\u221210 M with an enhancement factor of 4.07 \u00d7 108. This study confirms that ADDC technology enables simple, efficient, large-area uniform AgNPs self-assembly for superior dual-function enhancement substrates, offering a cost-effective and efficient strategy for highly sensitive trace detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16050292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1779099916000},"page":"292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angle-Dependent Dip Coating Strategy for Silver Nanostructured Surface Fabrication with Enhanced Fluorescence and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Longchao","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaibo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianlong","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2627-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100313v","article-title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance sensors","volume":"111","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J.Z., Ghopry, S.A., Liu, B., and Shultz, A. (2023). Metallic and non-metallic plasmonic nanostructures for LSPR sensors. Micromachines, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14071393"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.04.007","article-title":"Metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) for biosensors: General approaches and a review of recent developments","volume":"111","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c04352","article-title":"Ag\u2013ZnO nanocomposites as a 3D metal-enhanced fluorescence substrate for the fluorescence detection of DNA","volume":"6","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-023-01807-y","article-title":"A conceptual overview of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)","volume":"18","author":"Magdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H., Chai, K., Park, E., Kim, W., Kim, G., Park, J., Lee, W., and Park, J. (2024). Optimization of Paper-Based Alveolar-Mimicking SERS Sensor for High-Sensitivity Detection of Antifungal Agent. Biosensors, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14120566"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134280","article-title":"Multiplex metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect on porous Au nanorod for highly sensitive multi-microRNA (miRNA) detection","volume":"393","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16607","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02651","article-title":"Plasmonic approach to fluorescence enhancement of mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods for highly sensitive influenza A virus detection using lateral flow immunosensor","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05634-0","article-title":"Ratiometric SERS-based assay with \u201csandwich\u201d structure for detection of serotonin","volume":"190","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126781","article-title":"Hydrophobic substrate integrated SERS technology for rapid detection of uric acid","volume":"345","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.07.001","article-title":"A metal-enhanced fluorescence sensing platform for selective detection of picric acid in aqueous medium","volume":"1129","author":"Kaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131941","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers-isolated AuNP-enhanced CdTe QD fluorescence sensor for selective and sensitive oxytetracycline detection in real water samples","volume":"458","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161592","article-title":"Flexible three-dimensional au@cloth SERS substrate for SERS testing of deep-sea cold seep\u2019s substances","volume":"510","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02676","article-title":"Reactive hydrogel patch for SERS detection of environmental formaldehyde","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acs Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164507","article-title":"Bioinspired Au\/Ag nanocorals for SERS detection of thiram in real environments","volume":"518","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2017.02.052","article-title":"Rapid fabrication of silver nanoparticle-coated filter paper as SERS substrate for low-abundance molecules detection","volume":"179","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300856","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202300856","article-title":"Top-down fabrication of ordered nanophotonic structures for biomedical applications","volume":"11","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2011.11.001","article-title":"Advances in top\u2013down and bottom\u2013up surface nanofabrication: Techniques, applications & future prospects","volume":"170","author":"Biswas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40712-024-00191-7","article-title":"Study of SERS activity of different gold nanostructures prepared by electron beam lithography","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Abbas, N., Lee, S., Yeom, J., Asgar, M.A., Badshah, M.A., Lu, X., Kim, Y.K., and Kim, S.-M. (2020). Fabrication of a plasmonic nanoantenna array using metal deposition on polymer nanoimprinted nanodots for an enhanced fluorescence substrate. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13010048"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.125989","article-title":"High-uniformity, low-cost, ultra-dense arrays of Au-capped plastic nanopillars fabricated via nanoimprint lithography as reliable SERS substrates","volume":"335","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27107","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA04709D","article-title":"Fabrication of Ag@Au (core@shell) nanorods as a SERS substrate by the oblique angle deposition process and sputtering technology","volume":"11","author":"Sha","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escorcia-D\u00edaz, D., Garc\u00eda-Mora, S., Rend\u00f3n-Castrill\u00f3n, L., Ram\u00edrez-Carmona, M., and Ocampo-L\u00f3pez, C. (2023). Advancements in nanoparticle deposition techniques for diverse substrates: A review. Nanomaterials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13182586"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.136343","article-title":"Facile and cost-effective fabrication of SERS substrate featuring high-density 3D nanopillars for sensitive pesticide detection","volume":"711","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23908","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA03803B","article-title":"Arrayed nanopore silver thin films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolay, S., Bain, D., Maity, S., Devi, A., Patra, A., and Antoine, R. (2022). Self-assembled metal nanoclusters: Driving forces and structural correlation with optical properties. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030544"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2021.109694","article-title":"Reversible self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in response to external stimuli","volume":"205","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11059","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3047605","article-title":"Hydrophobic interactions modulate self-assembly of nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Grzelczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135601","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/abd1aa","article-title":"Evaporation-induced self-assembly of silver nanospheres and gold nanorods on a super-hydrophobic substrate for SERS applications","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA07871B","article-title":"A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate prepared on a hydrophobic surface using controlled evaporation","volume":"12","author":"Sinha","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9588","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR03198A","article-title":"Coffee-ring effect-based simultaneous SERS substrate fabrication and analyte enrichment for trace analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00754","article-title":"The past and the future of Langmuir and Langmuir\u2013Blodgett films","volume":"122","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.03.237","article-title":"Tailoring plasmonic response by Langmuir\u2013Blodgett gold nanoparticle templating for the fabrication of SERS substrates","volume":"447","author":"Tahghighi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151518","article-title":"Optimizing SERS performance through aggregation of gold nanorods in Langmuir-Blodgett films","volume":"573","author":"Tim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.115365","article-title":"Confirming the SERS enhancement at large mapping area using self-assembly of silver nanocube at liquid-liquid cyclohexane\/water interface","volume":"326","author":"Jamali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Detection of organic dyes using Ag NPAs\/SMP SERS substrate produced via sandpaper template-assisted lithography and liquid\u2013liquid interface self-assembly","volume":"416","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306394","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306394","article-title":"Nanoparticle assembly: From self-organization to controlled micropatterning for enhanced functionalities","volume":"20","author":"Jambhulkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5861","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09999","article-title":"Large area patterning of nanoparticles and nanostructures: Current status and future prospects","volume":"15","author":"Barad","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R3","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2019.267","article-title":"Dip-coating with a particulate suspension","volume":"869","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SM01785A","article-title":"Dip-coating of suspensions","volume":"15","author":"Gans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018327618329","article-title":"Investigations on the angle-dependent dip coating technique (ADDC) for the production of optical filters","volume":"8","author":"Arfsten","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH00141D","article-title":"Key role of the meniscus shape in crystallization of organic semiconductors during meniscus-guided coating","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6220","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b04122","article-title":"Full Investigation of Angle Dependence in Dip-Coating Sol\u2013Gel Films","volume":"121","author":"Bottein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3093(97)00289-5","article-title":"Angle-dependent dip-coating technique (ADDC) an improved method for the production of optical filters","volume":"218","author":"Eberle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11508","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CC03357K","article-title":"Methanol\u2013water mixture evaporation-induced self-assembly of ZIF-8 particles","volume":"59","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701561","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201701561","article-title":"Interfacial self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in dual-droplet inkjet printing","volume":"5","author":"Secondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f3nav\u00e1ri, A., B\u00e9lteky, P., Boka, E., Zakupszky, D., Igaz, N., Szerencs\u00e9s, B., Pfeiffer, I., K\u00f3nya, Z., and Kiricsi, M. (2021). Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles\u2014The colloidal, chemical, and biological consequences of steric stabilization under biorelevant conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168673"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neto, F.N.S., Morais, L.A., Gorup, L.F., Ribeiro, L.S., Martins, T.J., Hosida, T.Y., Francatto, P., Barbosa, D.B., Camargo, E.R., and Delbem, A.C. (2023). Facile synthesis of PVP-Coated silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their physicochemical, antimicrobial and toxic activity. Colloids Interfaces, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/colloids7040066"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1039\/D5AY00529A","article-title":"Simultaneous detection and differentiation of common foodborne pathogens using tri-metallic magnetic microspheres as an aluminium foil based SERS substrate","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.05.122","article-title":"Selective and sensitive biosensors based on metal-enhanced fluorescence","volume":"202","author":"Sui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7308","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.3c00020","article-title":"Single-molecule fluorescence enhancement based detection of atp using DNA origami-assembled Au@Ag nanostar optical antennas","volume":"127","author":"Kaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095304","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/9\/095304","article-title":"The fabrication of highly ordered silver nanodot patterns by platinum assisted nanoimprint lithography","volume":"22","author":"Yoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112881","article-title":"Fabrication of Ag nanorods on micropost array for a metal-enhanced fluorescence substrate with a high signal-to-background ratio","volume":"175","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2024.111827","article-title":"Self-assembled bimetallic plasmonic nanocavity substrate for supersensitive SERS","volume":"181","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2024.130954","article-title":"Self-assembled magnetic particles on hard magnetic materials substrate for simple and rapid SERS detection of organic dye","volume":"572","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"18764","article-title":"Transfer of AuNRs into AAO nanoholes via self-assembly method for ultrasensitive SERS detection","volume":"10","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.160002","article-title":"Large-scale SU-8 micro-pole-arrays decorated with hierarchical metal-dielectric-metal nanostructures as sensitive 3D SERS substrates","volume":"661","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Biosensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/5\/292\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:56:11Z","timestamp":1779101771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6374\/16\/5\/292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["bios16050292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios16050292","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]}}}