{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1786164244186,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["114-2314-B-007-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2314-B-007-010"]}]},{"award":["114-2314-B-007-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2314-B-007-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG3G1381-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3G1381-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG3L0811-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L0811-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is heavily implicated in subclinical cardiovascular disease; however, traditional polysomnographic metrics fail to capture the localized mechanical trauma exerted on the carotid artery. To address this methodological gap, this study evaluated exploratory associations between frequency-domain snoring characteristics and right carotid artery alterations in 50 patients with OSAS. Snoring was quantified using a dual-modality bioelectronic approach: an ambient microphone captured airborne snoring sound energy (SSE), while a portable neck-surface piezoelectric sensor recorded tissue-conducted snoring vibratory energy (SVE). Subclinical vascular changes, including carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and atherosclerosis, were assessed via ultrasonography. Hierarchical multivariable regression demonstrated that acoustic SSE%-404\u2013500 Hz and mechanical SVE%-112\u2013144 Hz independently correlated with preliminary CIMT increases (adjusted \u03b2 = 0.033 and 0.021, respectively; both p &lt; 0.05), alongside neck circumference. Conversely, SSE%-404\u2013500 Hz emerged as an exploratory marker for focal carotid atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio = 1.828; p = 0.009). Integrating this metric with baseline parameters yielded exploratory diagnostic capacity (area under the curve = 0.833; p &lt; 0.001), achieving 89% sensitivity and 69% specificity. These findings suggest that dual-modality spectral analysis provides a non-invasive exploratory framework for cardiovascular risk stratification, isolating localized mechanotransduction phenotypes independently of systemic hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16080428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:45:47Z","timestamp":1786027547000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Portable Neck-Surface Piezoelectric Sensor for Evaluating Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis via Snoring Vibratory Analysis: An Exploratory Dual-Modality Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8414-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Ang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Life Science and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Pang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-She","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 112201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Kuo","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Largan Health AI-Tech Co., Ltd., Taipei City 114066, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei-Dan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Largan Health AI-Tech Co., Ltd., Taipei City 114066, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Xuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zong-Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Yu","family":"Shyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9016-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsueh-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8965-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hung","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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