{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1787203424502,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean government","award":["RS-2024-00440049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00440049"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015499","name":"Jeonbuk National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015499","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05q92br09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005200","name":"New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CSCR26FEL009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSCR26FEL009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early cancer detection can expand treatment options and improve patient survival, but it requires tests that can be repeated with minimal patient burden. Urine and saliva can be collected non-invasively and may contain cancer-associated nucleic acids, proteins, and extracellular vesicles. Clinical analysis of these body fluids is complicated by low biomarker abundance, inter-individual variation, and matrix components that interfere with surface-based sensing. Plasmonic nanoarray biosensors address some of these analytical constraints by concentrating local electromagnetic fields, supporting multiplexed optical readout, and accommodating surface chemistry and microfluidic handling. This review examines nanoarray architectures, fabrication methods, surface functionalization, and signal generation for cancer-associated biomarkers in urine and saliva. Localized surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and metal-enhanced fluorescence are discussed together with applications to bladder, prostate, pancreatic, oral, and head-and-neck cancers. Remaining barriers include biofouling, pre-analytical variation, fabrication reproducibility, limited validation using authentic biofluids, and incomplete sample-to-answer integration. Addressing these challenges through standardized biofluid processing, scalable nanoarray fabrication, and integrated microfluidic platforms will be essential for translating plasmonic nanoarray biosensors into clinically applicable cancer screening tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16080449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:22:52Z","timestamp":1787048572000},"page":"449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plasmonic Nanoarray Biosensors for Non-Invasive Cancer Diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Kyu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Ha","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk State, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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