{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:19:58Z","timestamp":1788257998153,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"X-trodes Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wearable dry-electrode electrocardiographic (ECG) systems may enable longer and more comfortable rhythm monitoring, but their interval-level measurement fidelity requires validation against reference acquisition systems. In this single-center proof-of-concept study, 20 participants (10 healthy volunteers and 10 cardiology patients) underwent simultaneous ECG recordings with a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared wearable dry-electrode platform (X-trodes System M) and a wired reference system (MP150 with ECG100C module, Biopac Systems). Three-minute paired segments were recorded and underwent temporal synchronization, bandpass filtering, baseline correction, automated discrete-wavelet peak detection in NeuroKit2 (version 0.2.10), and standardized manual adjudication. After predefined exclusions for temporal alignment and P-wave detection quality, agreement was assessed in nine cardiac and ten healthy participants for RR intervals and in seven cardiac and eight healthy participants for P-to-R peak intervals. RR interval agreement was excellent in the healthy and cardiac cohorts, with a mean bias of 0.4 \u00b1 3.1 ms and 0.1 \u00b1 4.6 ms and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.97 ms and 1.28 ms, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was over 0.99 for both cohorts. P-to-R peak interval agreement was strong, with an MAE of 1.76 ms and 7.14 ms and ICC of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. These findings provide preliminary evidence of interval-level agreement for the X-trodes wearable dry-electrode ECG biosensor platform under controlled, short-duration daytime conditions. Because the matched interval pairs were clustered within a small number of participants, the findings should be regarded as proof-of-concept evidence supporting larger ambulatory validation studies rather than as definitive clinical validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16090481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1788251473000},"page":"481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interval-Level Validation of a Wearable Dry-Electrode ECG Biosensor Platform: A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9668-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avshalom","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"},{"name":"The Edmond J. Safra International Congenital Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"},{"name":"The Dina Recanati School of Medicine, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Possti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Trodes Ltd., Herzliya 4673304, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhaq","family":"Shmayahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Trodes Ltd., Herzliya 4673304, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deganit","family":"Barak-Shinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Trodes Ltd., Herzliya 4673304, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Beigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hochstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department C, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rona","family":"Haker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Trodes Ltd., Herzliya 4673304, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Hanein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Trodes Ltd., Herzliya 4673304, Israel"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hila","family":"Meiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9921-3034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliana","family":"Vazhgovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"},{"name":"The Edmond J. Safra International Congenital Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8095-4303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shai","family":"Tejman-Yarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Medical Research Lab, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"},{"name":"The Edmond J. 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