{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:23:43Z","timestamp":1788265423734,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine ecosystems face escalating threats from heavy metals, harmful algal bloom toxins, pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes, yet conventional detection methods remain laboratory-dependent and incapable of real-time, multiplexed field monitoring. CRISPR-Cas diagnostics, leveraging programmable Cas12a\/Cas13a trans-cleavage for attomolar-level sensitivity, offers a transformative solution when integrated with microfluidic platforms that provide the automation and miniaturisation required for field deployment. This review systematically examines this emerging convergence across four marine target classes: heavy metals, biotoxins, pathogens, and resistance genes alongside integration architectures, signal readout strategies, and comparative performance benchmarking. We identify that only a small fraction of reported platforms have been validated in authentic seawater, with cross-class multiplexing, biofouling resistance during autonomous deployment, and regulatory standardisation remaining largely unaddressed. By synthesising this rapidly developing literature and articulating these unresolved challenges, this review provides a foundational reference and research agenda for translating microfluidic-CRISPR biosensors from laboratory proof-of-concept to operational marine environmental surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16090483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:33:32Z","timestamp":1788262412000},"page":"483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microfluidic-Integrated CRISPR-Cas Biosensor for Marine Pollutant and Pathogen Monitoring: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2432-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Binti","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7290-2596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuiyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youquan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2831","article-title":"Human Health and Ocean Pollution","volume":"86","author":"Landrigan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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