{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:08:00Z","timestamp":1788930480406,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["252300423836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300423836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["262300420556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262300420556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Henan Provincial Department of Education","award":["26B416003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26B416003"]}]},{"name":"Henan Medical University 2026 College Students\u2019 Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program","award":["202610472034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202610472034"]}]},{"award":["202610472034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202610472034"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038hzq450","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province","award":["2025GGJS087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GGJS087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate classification of lymphoma cell subtypes is essential for disease diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making, yet conventional approaches often rely on fluorescence labeling, labor-intensive sample preparation, and specialized instrumentation, limiting their applicability for rapid, label-free single-cell analysis. Here, we present an AI-assisted microfluidic light-scattering imaging platform for label-free classification of lymphoma cells. The platform integrates hydrodynamic focusing within a microfluidic chip, continuous acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) light-scattering patterns, automated image preprocessing, and transfer learning based on a pretrained ResNet50 network for intelligent optical feature extraction and classification. Human B lymphoma (Daudi) and T lymphoblastic lymphoma (SUP-T1) cells were used to evaluate the proposed framework. The optical imaging system was first validated using standard microspheres, demonstrating reliable acquisition of light-scattering patterns under continuous-flow conditions. A dataset comprising 800 single-cell scattering patterns was subsequently established and evaluated using stratified five-fold cross-validation. The proposed framework achieved an average classification accuracy of 94.75% with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.986. By integrating microfluidic optical biosensing with deep learning, this work enables automated interpretation of intrinsic optical scattering signatures and provides a promising AI-enabled strategy for rapid, label-free lymphoma screening and intelligent healthcare applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16090500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:30:46Z","timestamp":1788777046000},"page":"500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microfluidic Light-Scattering Imaging Coupled with Deep Learning for Label-Free Single-Cell Classification of Lymphoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Linyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Medicine and School of Medical Engineering, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Neurobiosensor, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Neural Sensing and Control, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Medicine and School of Medical Engineering, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xijia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Medicine and School of Medical Engineering, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shuoxian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of General Practice, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiongqiong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Medicine and School of Medical Engineering, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Neurobiosensor, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Neural Sensing and Control, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Medicine and School of Medical Engineering, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Neurobiosensor, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Neural Sensing and Control, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27470","article-title":"Hodgkin lymphoma: 2025 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"99","author":"Ansell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. 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