{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:07:09Z","timestamp":1790071629555,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-75-10156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-75-10156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["25-75-10156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-75-10156"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin-based photosensitizers requires real-time monitoring of photosensitizer distribution and photobleaching to guide treatment, yet existing endoscopic fluorescence systems rely on short-wavelength (375\u2013450 nm) excitation that is spectrally incompatible with 660 nm chlorin e6 (Ce6)-PDT, forcing interruption of therapy for diagnostic imaging. We developed VENERA-red-660, a dual-channel endoscopic system using a single 660 nm laser for simultaneous white-light and Ce6 fluorescence imaging (&gt;670 nm detection) without interrupting irradiation. System sensitivity was validated on optical phantoms (Ce6 0.1\u20135.0 mg\/L), and phototheranostics was performed in patients with basal cell carcinoma (n = 5), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (n = 3), and peritoneal carcinomatosis (n = 10) using intravenous chlorin-based photosensitizer. Phantom testing showed a linear fluorescence response (R2 = 0.998) down to the lowest tested concentration of 0.1 mg\/L. Pre-PDT fluorescence contrast indices confirmed photosensitizer selectivity in all three tumor types, decreasing by 57%, 66%, and 60% after treatment, consistent with photobleaching; continuous intra-PDT monitoring confirmed progressive photobleaching kinetics, and confocal microscopy verified cellular-level Ce6 selectivity. Increased backscattered laser signal after PDT was consistent with treatment-induced changes in tissue optical properties. These pilot findings demonstrate that single-source phototheranostic monitoring is feasible across external and laparoscopic access routes, supporting further evaluation of VENERA-red-660 as a tool for intraoperative PDT dosimetry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios16090526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:04:17Z","timestamp":1790067857000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Concept of Intraoperative Fluorescence Diagnostics for Photodynamic Dosimetry of Tumors Using Chlorin-Based Photosensitizers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kanamat","family":"Efendiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Photonics, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Laser Micro-, Nano-, and Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University \u201cMEPhI\u201d, 115409 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, 360004 Nalchik, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Arkadii","family":"Moskalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Photonics, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, 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