{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:07:16Z","timestamp":1790888836425,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemiplegia is a neurological disorder that is often detected in children with cerebral palsy. Although many studies have investigated muscular activity in hemiplegic legs, few EMG-based findings focused on unaffected limb. This study aimed to quantify the asymmetric behavior of lower-limb-muscle recruitment during walking in mild-hemiplegic children from surface-EMG and foot-floor contact features. sEMG signals from tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius lateralis and foot-floor contact data during walking were analyzed in 16 hemiplegic children classified as W1 according to Winter\u2019 scale, and in 100 control children. Statistical gait analysis, a methodology achieving a statistical characterization of gait by averaging surface-EMG-based features, was performed. Results, achieved in hundreds of strides for each child, indicated that in the hemiplegic side with respect to the non-hemiplegic side, W1 children showed a statistically significant: decreased number of strides with normal foot-floor contact; decreased stance-phase length and initial-contact sub-phase; curtailed, less frequent TA activity in terminal swing and a lack of TA activity at heel-strike. The acknowledged impairment of anti-phase eccentric control of dorsiflexors was confirmed in the hemiplegic side, but not in the contralateral side. However, a modified foot-floor contact pattern is evinced also in the contralateral side, probably to make up for balance requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios9030082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T02:54:51Z","timestamp":1561604091000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["EMG-Based Characterization of Walking Asymmetry in Children with Mild Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Nardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annachiara","family":"Strazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mengarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Cardarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Tigrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4252-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Verdini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Nascimbeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit, Ospedale S. Croce, A.S.L. TO5, P.zza A. Ferdinando 3, Moncalieri (TO), 10024 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5396-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Knaflitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Fioretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb01021.x","article-title":"Motor impairments in young children with cerebral palsy: Relationship to gross motor function and everyday activities","volume":"46","author":"Carlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. 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