{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:25:20Z","timestamp":1791498320895,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Operational Program \u201cHuman Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning\u201d, Priority Axes 6, 8, 9 co-financed by European Social Fund entitled \u201cSupport of Researchers with Emphasis on Senior Researchers\u201d (NSRF 2014-2020)","award":["Operational Program \u201cHuman Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning\u201d, Priority Axes 6, 8, 9 co-financed by European Social Fund entitled \u201cSupport of Researchers with Emphasis on Senior Researchers\u201d (NSRF 2014-2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Operational Program \u201cHuman Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning\u201d, Priority Axes 6, 8, 9 co-financed by European Social Fund entitled \u201cSupport of Researchers with Emphasis on Senior Researchers\u201d (NSRF 2014-2020)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In vitro cell culture monitoring can be used as an indicator of cellular oxidative stress for the assessment of different chemotherapy agents. Methods: A cell-based bioelectric biosensor was used to detect alterations in superoxide levels in the culture medium of HeLa cervical cancer cells after treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil on HeLa cells were assessed by the MTT proliferation assay, whereas oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis were measured fluorometrically by the mitochondria-targeted MitoSOX\u2122 Red and caspase-3 activation assays, respectively. Results: The results of this study indicate that 5-FU differentially affects superoxide production and caspase-3 activation when applied in cytotoxic concentrations against HeLa cells, while superoxide accumulation is in accordance with mitochondrial superoxide levels. Our findings suggest that changes in superoxide concentration could be detected with the biosensor in a non-invasive and rapid manner, thus allowing a reliable estimation of oxidative damage due to cell apoptosis. Conclusions: These findings may be useful for facilitating future high throughput screening of different chemotherapeutic drugs with a cytotoxic principle based on free radical production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bios9040126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1571287566000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Detection of Superoxide Alterations Induced by 5-Fluorouracil on HeLa Cells with a Cell-Based Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Mavrikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Tsekouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Argyro","family":"Karageorgou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear &amp; Radiological Sciences &amp; Technology, Energy &amp; Safety, National Center for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Department of Solid State Physics, NKUA, 15784 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Moschopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon","family":"Kintzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551","article-title":"Cancer statistics","volume":"69","author":"Siegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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