{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:35:25Z","timestamp":1760146525214,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan","award":["19H03152","22H03277","21K10165","19K06372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03152","22H03277","21K10165","19K06372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioTech"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advances in genome editing technology have made it possible to create genome-edited (GE) animals, which are useful for identifying isolated genes and producing models of human diseases within a short period of time. The production of GE animals mainly relies on the gene manipulation of pre-implantation embryos, such as fertilized eggs and two-cell embryos, which can usually be achieved by the microinjection of nucleic acids, electroporation in the presence of nucleic acids, or infection with viral vectors, such as adeno-associated viruses. In contrast, GE animals can theoretically be generated by fertilizing ovulated oocytes with GE sperm. However, there are only a few reports showing the successful production of GE animals using GE sperm. Artificial insemination (AI) is an assisted reproduction technology based on the introduction of isolated sperm into the female reproductive tract, such as the uterine horn or oviductal lumen, for the in vivo fertilization of ovulated oocytes. This approach is simpler than the in vitro fertilization-based production of offspring, as the latter always requires an egg transfer to recipient females, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this review, we summarize the various methods for AI reported so far, the history of sperm-mediated gene transfer, a technology to produce genetically engineered animals through in vivo fertilization with sperm carrying exogenous DNA, and finally describe the possibility of AI-mediated creation of GE animals using GE sperm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech13040045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1731324851000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Insemination as a Possible Convenient Tool to Acquire Genome-Edited Mice via In Vivo Fertilization with Engineered Sperm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emi","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issei","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu 501-0296, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Morohoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-219907","article-title":"Generation of Rag1-knockout immunodeficient rats and mice using engineered meganucleases","volume":"27","author":"Jantz","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172447","article-title":"Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases","volume":"325","author":"Geurts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009424107","article-title":"Gene targeting by homologous recombination in mouse zygotes mediated by zinc-finger nucleases","volume":"107","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 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