{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T04:55:23Z","timestamp":1781672123415,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101084437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101084437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioTech"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein derived from the cyanobacterium Limnospira (Arthrospira) platensis (commonly known as Spirulina), is recognized for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and bioactive properties. This research aims to develop a new cosmetic ingredient based on phycocyanin incorporated into a high-lipid matrix, such as shea butter. A comprehensive characterization of the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of this new bioactive phycocyanin\u2013protein complex in human THP-1 monocytic cells was performed. For this purpose, cytocompatibility was evaluated using MTT assays at concentrations ranging from 10 to 0.0006% v\/v. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured under LPS-induced inflammatory stress by measuring IL-6 and IL-8 secretion using ELISA in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.04, 0.02, and 0.01% v\/v). A crucial finding was the absence of anti-inflammatory activity at 0.01% v\/v, indicating a minimum effective concentration threshold and, consequently, effective doses. The results of this research indicate that the phycocyanin and shea butter ingredients demonstrate strong cytocompatibility at relevant cosmetic doses and significant anti-inflammatory activity, supporting their suitability for formulations targeting skin sensitivity, erythema reduction, and post-inflammatory recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech15020045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:27:21Z","timestamp":1781666841000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Phycocyanin\u2013Protein Complex in THP-1 Cells: Implications for Dermocosmetic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0727-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidel","family":"Delgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neoalgae Micro Seaweed Products, Calle Carmen Leal Mata, 191, 33211 Gijon, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Pedro Puig Adam, s\/n, 33203 Gijon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8901-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Blanco-Vieites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Environmental Studies Applied to Natural and Cultural Heritage, GEMAP (GI-1243), Department of Edafology and Chemical Agronomy, Pharmacy Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"CRETUS, Santiago de Compostela University, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neoalgae Micro Seaweed Products, Calle Carmen Leal Mata, 191, 33211 Gijon, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Pedro Puig Adam, s\/n, 33203 Gijon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5688-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Casado-Ba\u00f1ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neoalgae Micro Seaweed Products, Calle Carmen Leal Mata, 191, 33211 Gijon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Pedro Puig Adam, s\/n, 33203 Gijon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillerme, J.-B., Couteau, C., and Coiffard, L. 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