{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:54:33Z","timestamp":1760241273910,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Helsinki and Uusimaa Research Grants","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008484","name":"Paavo Nurmen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010133","name":"Aarne Koskelon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007083","name":"Orionin Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"Paulon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007639","name":"Maire Taposen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma protein that binds free hemoglobin and protects tissues from oxidative damage. An Hp2 allele has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. On the other hand, recent studies have suggested that Hp1 allele increases risk to develop severe cerebral small vessel disease. We aimed to replicate this finding in a first-ever stroke patient cohort. Hp was genotyped by PCR and gel electrophoresis in the Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Study in patients with DNA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) available (SAM; n = 316). Lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions (WML) classified by Fazekas grading from brain MRI were associated with Hp genotypes. As population controls, we used participants of Cardiovascular diseases\u2014a sub study of Health 2000 Survey (n = 1417). In the SAM cohort, 63.0% of Hp1-1 carriers (n = 46), 52.5% of Hp1-2 carriers (n = 141) and 51.2% of Hp2-2 carriers (n = 129) had severe WML (p = 0.372). There was no difference in severe WMLs between Hp1-1 vs. Hp1-2 and Hp2-2 carriers (p = 0.201). In addition, 68.9% of Hp1-1 carriers (n = 45), 58.5% of Hp1-2 carriers (n = 135), and 61.8% of Hp2-2 carriers (n = 126) had one or more lacunar lesions (p = 0.472). There was no difference in the number of patients with at least one lacunar infarct between Hp1-1 vs. Hp1-2 and Hp2-2 groups (p = 0.322). Neither was there any difference when diabetic patients (type I and II) were examined separately. Hp1 allele is not associated with an increased risk for cerebral small vessel disease in a well-characterized Finnish stroke patient cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Haptoglobin Hp1 Variant Does Not Associate with Small Vessel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Juha","family":"Lempi\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Ij\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teemu J.","family":"Niiranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, National institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Kaste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka J.","family":"Karhunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"FimLab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere University Hospital Region, 33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perttu J.","family":"Lindsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Erkinjuntti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Melkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.10.1589","article-title":"Biological and clinical significance of haptoglobin polymorphism in humans","volume":"42","author":"Langlois","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. 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