{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:19:43Z","timestamp":1772252383211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)'s Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration,","award":["grant number 2018-2019\/P721\/SL, and Indian Department of Health Research, Project Code No. N1761."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number 2018-2019\/P721\/SL, and Indian Department of Health Research, Project Code No. N1761."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Cerebrovascular accidents are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. We hypothesized that cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) of the dentate nuclei and the lower-limb representations in the cerebellum can improve functional reach during standing balance in chronic (&gt;6 months\u2019 post-stroke) stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based subject-specific electric field was computed across a convenience sample of 10 male chronic (&gt;6 months) stroke survivors and one healthy MRI template to find an optimal bipolar bilateral ctDCS montage to target dentate nuclei and lower-limb representations (lobules VII\u2013IX). Then, in a repeated-measure crossover study on a subset of 5 stroke survivors, we compared 15 min of 2 mA ctDCS based on the effects on successful functional reach (%) during standing balance task. Three-way ANOVA investigated the factors of interest\u2013 brain regions, montages, stroke participants, and their interactions. Results: \u201cOne-size-fits-all\u201d bipolar ctDCS montage for the clinical study was found to be PO9h\u2013PO10h for dentate nuclei and Exx7\u2013Exx8 for lobules VII\u2013IX with the contralesional anode. PO9h\u2013PO10h ctDCS performed significantly (alpha = 0.05) better in facilitating successful functional reach (%) when compared to Exx7\u2013Exx8 ctDCS. Furthermore, a linear relationship between successful functional reach (%) and electric field strength was found where PO9h\u2013PO10h montage resulted in a significantly (alpha = 0.05) higher electric field strength when compared to Exx7\u2013Exx8 montage for the same 2 mA current. Conclusion: We presented a rational neuroimaging based approach to optimize deep ctDCS of the dentate nuclei and lower limb representations in the cerebellum for post-stroke balance rehabilitation. However, this promising pilot study was limited by \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d bipolar ctDCS montage as well as a small sample size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10020094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1581413121000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Deep Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dentate Nucleus to Facilitate Standing Balance in Chronic Stroke Survivors\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zeynab","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surbhi","family":"Kaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhaval","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adyasha","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M V Padma","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uttama","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61953-4","article-title":"Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990\u20132010: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"383","author":"Feigin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2013.15.3.128","article-title":"Stroke epidemiology and stroke care services in India","volume":"15","author":"Pandian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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