{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:53:16Z","timestamp":1760237596600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The McGurk effect, an incongruent pairing of visual \/ga\/\u2013acoustic \/ba\/, creates a fusion illusion \/da\/ and is the cornerstone of research in audiovisual speech perception. Combination illusions occur given reversal of the input modalities\u2014auditory \/ga\/-visual \/ba\/, and percept \/bga\/. A robust literature shows that fusion illusions in an oddball paradigm evoke a mismatch negativity (MMN) in the auditory cortex, in absence of changes to acoustic stimuli. We compared fusion and combination illusions in a passive oddball paradigm to further examine the influence of visual and auditory aspects of incongruent speech stimuli on the audiovisual MMN. Participants viewed videos under two audiovisual illusion conditions: fusion with visual aspect of the stimulus changing, and combination with auditory aspect of the stimulus changing, as well as two unimodal auditory- and visual-only conditions. Fusion and combination deviants exerted similar influence in generating congruency predictions with significant differences between standards and deviants in the N100 time window. Presence of the MMN in early and late time windows differentiated fusion from combination deviants. When the visual signal changes, a new percept is created, but when the visual is held constant and the auditory changes, the response is suppressed, evoking a later MMN. In alignment with models of predictive processing in audiovisual speech perception, we interpreted our results to indicate that visual information can both predict and suppress auditory speech perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T08:27:48Z","timestamp":1590654468000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neural Correlates of Modality-Sensitive Deviance Detection in the Audiovisual Oddball Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Priefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Education, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Nagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trey","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Education, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Froud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Education, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/264746a0","article-title":"Hearing lips and seeing voices","volume":"264","author":"McGurk","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408949102","article-title":"Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech","volume":"102","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"388","article-title":"Speech through ears and eyes: Interfacing the senses with the supramodal brain","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-1026-y","article-title":"Timing in audiovisual speech perception: A mini review and new psychophysical data","volume":"78","author":"Venezia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00257","article-title":"Multisensory integration, learning, and the predictive coding hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Altieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00725","article-title":"What is the McGurk effect?","volume":"5","author":"Tiippana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.024","article-title":"A neural basis for interindividual differences in the McGurk effect, a multisensory speech illusion","volume":"59","author":"Nath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4003.646","article-title":"Acoustic cues to place of articulation and the McGurk effect: The role of release bursts, aspiration, and formant transitions","volume":"40","author":"Green","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.034","article-title":"Multisensory speech perception without the left superior temporal sulcus","volume":"62","author":"Baum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440143000203","article-title":"The role of sound intensity and stop-consonant voicing on McGurk fusions and combinations","volume":"14","author":"Colin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-09.2010","article-title":"Striatal prediction error modulates cortical coupling","volume":"30","author":"Daunizeau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1622","article-title":"A theory of cortical responses","volume":"360","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.04.005","article-title":"The free-energy principle: A rough guide to the brain?","volume":"13","author":"Friston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13445","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3194-09.2009","article-title":"Dual Neural Routing of Visual Facilitation in Speech Processing","volume":"29","author":"Arnal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran, C., Trubanova, A., Stillittano, S., Caplier, A., and Ghazanfar, A.A. (2009). The natural statistics of audiovisual speech. PLoS Comput. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000436"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.4.871","article-title":"Perception of intersensory synchrony: A tutorial review","volume":"72","author":"Vroomen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2004.06.004","article-title":"Detection of auditory (cross-spectral) and auditory\u2013visual (cross-modal) synchrony","volume":"44","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00736","article-title":"Perceived synchrony for realistic and dynamic audiovisual events","volume":"6","author":"Eg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, J.-L., and Savariaux, C. (2014). No, there is no 150 ms lead of visual speech on auditory speech, but a range of audiovisual asynchronies varying from small audio lead to large audio lag. PLoS Comput. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003743"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48116","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48116","article-title":"The visual speech head start improves perception and reduces superior temporal cortex responses to auditory speech","volume":"8","author":"Karas","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1566-17.2017","article-title":"Neural Mechanisms Underlying Cross-Modal Phonetic Encoding","volume":"38","author":"Shahin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13734","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for differences between fusion and combination illusions in audiovisual speech perception","volume":"46","author":"Baart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.036","article-title":"Seeing voices: High-density electrical mapping and source-analysis of the multisensory mismatch negativity evoked during the McGurk illusion","volume":"45","author":"Molholm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.12.006","article-title":"The whole is more than the sum of its parts\u2014Audiovisual processing of phonemes investigated with ERPs","volume":"124","author":"Hessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20152","article-title":"Visual Processing Affects the Neural Basis of Auditory Discrimination","volume":"20","author":"Kislyuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5003-11.2012","article-title":"A neuronal model of predictive coding accounting for the mismatch negativity","volume":"32","author":"Wacongne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/07-0276)","article-title":"Auditory Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in Audiovisual Speech Perception","volume":"52","author":"Pilling","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.026","article-title":"The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: A review","volume":"118","author":"Paavilainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90090-5","article-title":"Event-related potentials to repetition and change of auditory stimuli","volume":"83","author":"Ritter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02067.x","article-title":"Attention and mismatch negativity","volume":"30","author":"Paavilainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00024-X","article-title":"Mismatch negativity evoked by the McGurk\u2013MacDonald effect: A phonetic representation within short-term memory","volume":"113","author":"Colin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00053-8","article-title":"Processing of changes in visual speech in the human auditory cortex","volume":"13","author":"Krause","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8227","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4255-12.2013","article-title":"Free energy, precision and learning: The role of cholinergic neuromodulation","volume":"33","author":"Moran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/4580","article-title":"Predictive coding in the visual cortex: A functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00200.2014","article-title":"Putative mechanisms mediating tolerance for audiovisual stimulus onset asynchrony","volume":"113","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01463-7","article-title":"Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception","volume":"4","author":"Hickok","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2113","article-title":"The cortical organization of speech processing","volume":"8","author":"Hickok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2331","article-title":"Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: Nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing","volume":"12","author":"Rauschecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002565","article-title":"Forty Years After Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices: The McGurk Effect Revisited","volume":"31","author":"Alsius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multisens. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00173","article-title":"Visual context due to speech-reading suppresses the auditory response to acoustic interruptions in speech","volume":"8","author":"Bhat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90914-F","article-title":"Seeing speech: Visual information from lip movements modifies activity in the human auditory cortex","volume":"127","author":"Sams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1198","article-title":"Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test","volume":"46","author":"Arditi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.39.000782","article-title":"Visibility on cathode-ray tube screens: Viewing angle","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"1949","journal-title":"JOSA"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"341","article-title":"Praat, a system for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","author":"Boersma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot Int."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"4","article-title":"Development of High-resolution EEG Devices","volume":"1","author":"Ferree","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioelectromagn."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irwin, J., Avery, T., Turcios, J., Brancazio, L., Cook, B., and Landi, N. (2017). Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype. Brain Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7060060"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002580","article-title":"Electrophysiological indices of audiovisual speech perception: Beyond the McGurk effect and speech in noise","volume":"31","author":"Irwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multisens. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00812","article-title":"Read my lips: Brain dynamics associated with audiovisual integration and deviance detection","volume":"27","author":"Tse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116432","article-title":"Mapping adaptation, deviance detection, and prediction error in auditory processing","volume":"207","author":"Vogel","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0591","article-title":"Separate Time Behaviors of the Temporal and Frontal Mismatch Negativity Sources","volume":"12","author":"Rinne","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00787-0","article-title":"Evidence for the different additivity of the temporal and frontal generators of mismatch negativity: A human auditory event-related potential study","volume":"349","author":"Paavilainen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00407","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.407","article-title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio-visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect","volume":"5","author":"Pratt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00262.2018","article-title":"Cross-modal phonetic encoding facilitates the McGurk illusion and phonemic restoration","volume":"120","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.11.021","article-title":"A review of the evidence for P2 being an independent component process: Age, sleep and modality","volume":"115","author":"Crowley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90042-K","article-title":"Revisiting the oddball paradigm. Non-target vs neutral stimuli and the evaluation of ERP attentional effects","volume":"30","author":"Lukaszewicz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000069229.84883.03","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of cortical evoked potentials using naturally produced speech sounds","volume":"24","author":"Tremblay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/385432a0","article-title":"Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses","volume":"385","author":"Lehtokoski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, E., Duede, S., Hanrahan, S., Davis, T., House, P., and Greger, B. (2013). Seeing Is Believing: Neural Representations of Visual Stimuli in Human Auditory Cortex Correlate with Illusory Auditory Perceptions. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073148"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00783.2014","article-title":"Early and late beta-band power reflect audiovisual perception in the McGurk illusion","volume":"113","author":"Senkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23758","article-title":"Audiovisual integration as conflict resolution: The conflict of the McGurk illusion: The Conflict of the McGurk Illusion","volume":"38","author":"Macaluso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-H-14-0059","article-title":"Individual Differences in Susceptibility to the McGurk Effect: Links With Lipreading and Detecting Audiovisual Incongruity","volume":"57","author":"Strand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0092","article-title":"Spatial frequency requirements and gaze strategy in visual-only and audiovisual speech perception","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200210000-00006","article-title":"Auditory-visual speech perception and aging","volume":"23","author":"Cienkowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.03.030","article-title":"Neural networks supporting audiovisual integration for speech: A large-scale lesion study","volume":"103","author":"Hickok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3293001","article-title":"A reanalysis of McGurk data suggests that audiovisual fusion in speech perception is subject-dependent","volume":"127","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/10\/6\/328\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:33:21Z","timestamp":1760175201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/10\/6\/328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci10060328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10060328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]}}}