{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:45:04Z","timestamp":1788752704843,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored (i) differences in age at Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis between children with and without a migrant background in the main diagnostic centre for ASD in Upper Austria (ii) factors related to the age at diagnosis and (iii) whether specific factors differed between the two groups. A retrospective chart analysis included all children who received their first diagnosis before the age of 10 years (n = 211) between 2013 and 2018. Children with a migrant background were diagnosed 13 months earlier than those without (r = 0.278, p &lt; 0.001), and had more severe delays in language, more severe autism, no Asperger\u2019s syndrome, lower parental educational level and more frequent referrals by paediatricians. For the total sample, expressive language delay, severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours, higher nonverbal development, and paediatric referrals explained earlier diagnoses. There was a stronger effect of parental education and weaker effect of language impairment on age at ASD diagnosis in children with a migrant background. In conclusion, no delay in diagnosing ASD in children with a migrant background in a country with universal health care and an established system of paediatric developmental surveillance was found. Awareness of ASD, including Asperger\u2019s syndrome, should be raised among families and healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10070448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Explaining Age at Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Children with Migrant and Non-Migrant Background in Austria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6434-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Garcia Primo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Department for Inclusive Education, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Posada de la Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER) &amp; CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Fellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dirmhirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Holzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Linguistics, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6802a1","article-title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years-Early Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Seven Sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014. 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