{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T19:34:03Z","timestamp":1782156843773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are the two most prevalent primary headache disorders (PHDs) that may involve visual and vestibular impairments, neck pain, and postural unsteadiness. The perception of visual verticality (VV) has been studied in patients diagnosed with PHD to assess balance disorders showing varying findings. Our study aimed to assess the VV perception in patients diagnosed with PHD in comparison to healthy controls. A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out in PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, WOS, CINAHL, and SciELO. The Cohen standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the differences between exposed and healthy controls. Seven studies with 816 participants were included. The quality of included studies, according to the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS), was moderate (mean score of 5.2). Patients diagnosed with PHD showed a moderate misperception of VV as assessed with the subjective visual vertical (SVV) test (SMD = 0.530; 95% CI = 0.225, 0.836; p &lt; 0.001). Specifically, a misperception of the SVV was found in patients with migraine (SMD = 0.369; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.638; p = 0.007) and with TTH (SMD = 1.122; 95% CI = 0.540, 1.704; p &lt; 0.001). This review shows a misperception of VV in patients with migraine and TTH when assessed with the SVV test, being higher in patients with TTH, although the THH sample size was low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10100664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T04:18:57Z","timestamp":1600921137000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Misperception of Visual Verticality in Patients with Primary Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8430-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Obrero-Gait\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Manrique-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Fisioterapia \u201cPedro Chueca FisioTec S.A.\u201d, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"L\u00e9rida-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital San Agust\u00edn de Linares, 23700 Linares, Spain"},{"name":"Escuela de Osteopat\u00eda de Madrid S.L., 28807 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6814-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1293-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Catalina","family":"Osuna-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2546-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Lomas-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Stovner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Vos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.071","article-title":"Migraine affects 1 in 10 people worldwide featuring recent rise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies involving 6 million participants","volume":"372","author":"Woldeamanuel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03612.x","article-title":"The cost of headache disorders in Europe: The Eurolight project","volume":"19","author":"Linde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2008.00859.x","article-title":"Predictors of Disability in Migraineurs Referred to a Tertiary Clinic: Neck Pain, Headache Characteristics, and Coping Behaviors","volume":"48","author":"Ford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411434808","article-title":"Self-reported muscle pain in adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache","volume":"32","author":"Blaschek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2014.09.002","article-title":"Comparison between neck pain disability and cervical range of motion in patients with episodic and chronic migraine: A cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414535110","article-title":"Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: A population study","volume":"35","author":"Ashina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397112666151231110813","article-title":"Migraine and Central Sensitization: Clinical Features, Main Comorbidities and Therapeutic Perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Sciruicchio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myofascial Head Pain","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0216-0","article-title":"The role of muscles in tension-type headache","volume":"15","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01078.x","article-title":"Patterns of experimentally induced pain in pericranial muscles","volume":"26","author":"Svensson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"969","article-title":"Relationship of the Lateral Rectus Muscle, the Supraorbital Nerve, and Binocular Coordination with Episodic Tension-Type Headaches Frequently Associated with Visual Effort","volume":"18","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"215","article-title":"Point prevalence of vertigo and dizziness in a sample of 2672 subjects and correlation with headaches","volume":"36","author":"Teggi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. Organo Uff. Della Soc. Ital. Otorinolaringol. Chir. Cerv. Facc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0515-z","article-title":"Migraine and Vertigo","volume":"15","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409353617","article-title":"Headache-associated dizziness in a headache population: Prevalence and impact","volume":"30","author":"Bisdorff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12805","article-title":"The Role of the Trigemino Cervical Complex in Chronic Whiplash Associated Headache: A Cross Sectional Study","volume":"56","author":"Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05069.x","article-title":"Trigeminal Stimulation Elicits a Peripheral Vestibular Imbalance in Migraine Patients","volume":"45","author":"Marano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kheradmand, A., and Winnick, A. (2017). Perception of Upright: Multisensory Convergence and the Role of Temporo-Parietal Cortex. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00552"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.03.006","article-title":"The peripheral nervous system and the perception of verticality","volume":"27","author":"Mazibrada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8186-0","article-title":"Subjective body vertical: A promising diagnostic tool in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus?","volume":"263","author":"Selge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000271674.41307.f2","article-title":"Clinical use of subjective visual horizontal and vertical in patients of unilateral vestibular neuritis","volume":"28","author":"Min","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009610","article-title":"Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of the Visual Vertical in Subacute Stroke","volume":"46","author":"Piscicelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09187.x","article-title":"Assessing otolith function by the subjective visual vertical","volume":"871","author":"Bohmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(10)02","article-title":"A New Method to Analyze the Subjective Visual Vertical in Patients With Bilateral Vestibular Dysfunction","volume":"67","author":"Funabashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a55ecf","article-title":"A bucket of static vestibular function","volume":"72","author":"Zwergal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.11.002","article-title":"Perception of subjective visual vertical and horizontal in patients with chronic neck pain: A cross-sectional observational study","volume":"17","author":"Docherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagust, J., Docherty, S., Haynes, W., Telford, R., and Isableu, B. (2013). Changes in rod and frame test scores recorded in schoolchildren during development--A longitudinal study. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065321"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.10.131","article-title":"Measuring verticality perception after stroke: Why and how?","volume":"44","author":"Perennou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2019.102074","article-title":"Perception of verticality is altered in people with severe chronic low back pain compared to healthy controls: A cross-sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Alrwaily","year":"2020","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) Group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Green, S. (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention Version 5.1.0, The Cochrane Collaboration. Updated March 2011."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hozo, S.P., Djulbegovic, B., and Hozo, I. (2005). Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Wells, G.A., Shea, B., O\u2019Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M., and Tugwell, P. (2020, May 13). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses. Available online: http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo, C.K.-L., Mertz, D., and Loeb, M. (2014). Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: Comparing reviewers\u2019 to authors\u2019 assessments. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-82","article-title":"A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: Development and pilot validation","volume":"3","author":"Meader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., and Rothstein, H. (2020, September 22). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 3. Available online: https:\/\/www.meta-analysis.com\/."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Cooper, H., Hedges, L.V., and Valentine, J.C. (2009). The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis, Russell Sage Foundation."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"700","article-title":"Interpreting estimates of treatment effects: Implications for managed care","volume":"33","author":"Faraone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00fccker, G., and Schwarzer, G. (2020). Beyond the forest plot: The drapery plot. Res. Synth. Methods.","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1410"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00377-8","article-title":"Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: Guidelines on choice of axis","volume":"54","author":"Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.676","article-title":"Comparison of two methods to detect publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, L., Lin, L., and Omboni, S. (2019). The trim-and-fill method for publication bias: Practical guidelines and recommendations based on a large database of meta-analyses. Medicine, 98.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015987"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819021927674","article-title":"Statistical heterogeneity in systematic reviews of clinical trials: A critical appraisal of guidelines and practice","volume":"7","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Health Serv. Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802032785","article-title":"Subclinical deviation of the subjective visual vertical in patients affected by a primary headache","volume":"129","author":"Asai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2017.4056","article-title":"Subjective Visual Vertical and Horizontal in Vestibular Migraine","volume":"13","author":"Ashish","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, T.-P., Winnick, A.A., Hsu, Y.-C., Sung, P.-Y., and Schubert, M.C. (2019). The bucket test differentiates patients with MRI confirmed brainstem\/cerebellar lesions from patients having migraine and dizziness alone. BMC Neurol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1442-z"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.10.025","article-title":"Patients with migraine correctly estimate the visual verticality","volume":"114","author":"Crevits","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2014.25","article-title":"Perception of verticality in patients with primary headache disorders","volume":"10","author":"Kandemir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00892","article-title":"Errors of Upright Perception in Patients With Vestibular Migraine","volume":"9","author":"Winnick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2016.08.001","article-title":"Static and dynamic visual vertical perception in subjects with migraine and vestibular migraine","volume":"2","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro, D., Achalandabaso-Ochoa, A., Molina-Ortega, F.J., Obrero-Gait\u00e1n, E., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Vera, A.J., and Lomas-Vega, R. (2020). Neck Pain- and Unsteadiness-Inducing Activities and their Relationship to the Presence, Intensity, Frequency, and Disability of Headaches. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10070425"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182642","article-title":"Misperception of the subjective visual vertical in neurological patients with or without stroke: A meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Molina","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7052","article-title":"Dizziness, Unsteadiness, Visual Disturbances, and Sensorimotor Control in Traumatic Neck Pain","volume":"47","author":"Treleaven","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2834","article-title":"Sensorimotor function and dizziness in neck pain: Implications for assessment and management","volume":"39","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00172","article-title":"Perception of Verticality and Vestibular Disorders of Balance and Falls","volume":"10","author":"Dieterich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416677050","article-title":"Somatosensory temporal discrimination remains intact in tension-type headache whereas it is disrupted in migraine attacks","volume":"37","author":"Vuralli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001151","article-title":"Comparison of somatosensory cortex excitability between migraine and \u201cstrict-criteria\u201d tension-type headache","volume":"159","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obrero-Gait\u00e1n, E., Molina, F., Del-Pino-Casado, R., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Vera, A.J., Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro, D., and Lomas-Vega, R. (2020). Visual Verticality Perception in Spinal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061725"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319-e21","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13815","article-title":"Postural instability during attacks of migraine without aura","volume":"26","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990621)409:1<153::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Organisation of reciprocal connections between trigeminal and vestibular nuclei in the rat","volume":"409","author":"Compoint","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0991-2","article-title":"Migraine and episodic Vertigo: A cohort survey study of their relationship","volume":"20","author":"Lampl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2535-0","article-title":"Mental transformation abilities in patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular loss","volume":"209","author":"Grabherr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2010.02.004","article-title":"Role of subjective visual vertical test during eccentric rotation in the recovery phase of vestibular neuritis","volume":"37","author":"Byun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/10\/10\/664\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:13:03Z","timestamp":1760177583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/10\/10\/664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci10100664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci10100664","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}}}