{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:34:28Z","timestamp":1790739268229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the case of a female patient who developed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) after a right-foot injury. The patient had pain from the right knee to the toes and showed severe disgust at the appearance of the affected limb. Consequently, the affected limb was not fully loaded, and the patient had difficulty walking. General interventions, such as mirror therapy, were attempted, but the effect was limited. We hypothesized that this was due to the disgust toward the affected limb, and we implemented a body-shadow intervention that we developed. This reduced the disgust for the affected limb and improved pain, but neither changed the anticipated pain of loading the affected limb nor improved the patient\u2019s walking ability. The reason for this was considered to be that the previous interventions using the body shadow utilized the third-person perspective, denoting that the image of the load sensation on the sole of the foot during walking was insufficient; therefore, we attempted a first-person body-shadow intervention. The results showed improvement in the patient\u2019s walking ability. In CRPS of the foot, it is important to use interventions that evoke images of loading without causing anticipatory pain, pointing to the effectiveness of body-shadow interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10100718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intervention Using Body Shadow to Evoke Loading Imagery in a Patient with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the Foot: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Rehabilitation Hospital, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 819-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka City, Osaka 597-0104, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Shigetoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miura Internal Medicine Michiko Pediatrics Clinic, Kagawa 763-0082, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara City, Nara 635-0832, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara City, Nara 635-0832, Japan"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Research Centre, Kio University, Nara City, Nara 635-0832, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-20","article-title":"Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type 1","volume":"10","author":"Perez","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1612367","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutic options for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Iolascon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.03.013","article-title":"Body perception disturbance: A contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)","volume":"133","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.039","article-title":"The rubber hand illusion in complex regional pain syndrome: Preserved ability to integrate a rubber hand indicates intact multisensory integration","volume":"154","author":"Reinersmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halicka, M., Vitters\u00f8, A.D., Proulx, M.J., and Bultitude, J.H. 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