{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:24:06Z","timestamp":1760239446066,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To detect the variations of esophageal peristalsis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with predominantly bulbar or predominantly pseudobulbar clinical presentation by using esophageal manometry (EM). Fifteen ALS patients with pseudobulbar clinical presentation (PBP) and 13 patients with bulbar presentation (BP), fulfilling WFN Criteria, were studied. EM was performed in all subjects using a flexible catheter with solid-state transducers. Swallowing was initiated with 5 to 10 mL of water (wet swallows) and saliva (dry swallows) and repeated at 30 s intervals. The manometric parameters were measured automatically and visualized by the computer system. The tracings were analyzed using Synectics software. In PBP patients, an increase of resting pressure value in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) &gt;45 mmHg, a wave-like course of resting pressure, and toothed peristaltic waves were observed. In BP patients, a low amplitude of peristaltic waves &lt;30 mmHg (mean: 17 \u00b1 5) was recorded, without signs of esophageal motility disturbance at onset or during progression. EM procedure allows objectively distinguishing dysphagia in ALS patients due to bulbar syndrome from the dysphagia due to pseudobulbar syndrome. It is important to identify PBP patients because of their high risk of aspiration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T09:09:30Z","timestamp":1604653770000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Esophageal Peristalsis Disorders in ALS Patients with Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Tomik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Sowula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Dworak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Stolcman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8190-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Maraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzeg\u00f3rzecka 16, 31-531 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3478-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ceranowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzeg\u00f3rzecka 16, 31-531 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-009-9211-6","article-title":"Brain stem control of the phases of swallowing","volume":"24","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.1.96","article-title":"Palatal and pharyngeal reflexes in health and in motor neuron disease","volume":"61","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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