{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:25:50Z","timestamp":1760239550119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebellum has been implicated in the mechanisms of several movement disorders. With the recent reports of successful modulation of its functioning, this highly connected structure has emerged as a promising way to provide symptomatic relief not yet obtained by usual treatments. Here we review the most relevant papers published to date, the limitations and gaps in literature, discuss why several papers have failed in showing efficacy, and present a new way of stimulating the cerebellum. References for this critique review were identified by searches on PubMed for the terms \u201cParkinson\u2019s disease\u201d, \u201cataxia\u201d, \u201cdystonia\u201d, \u201ctremor\u201d, and \u201cdyskinesias\u201d in combination with the type of stimulation and the stimulation site. Studies conducted thus far have shed light on the potential of cerebellar neuromodulation for attenuating symptoms in patients with some forms of isolated and combined dystonia, dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease, and neurodegenerative ataxia. However, there is still a high heterogeneity of results and uncertainty about the possibility of maintaining long-term benefits. Because of the complicated architecture of the cerebellum, the modulation techniques employed may have to focus on targeting the activity of the cerebellar nuclei rather than the cerebellar cortex. Measures of cerebellar activity may reduce the variability in outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T12:24:39Z","timestamp":1607343879000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Little Brain, Big Expectations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rubens Gisbert","family":"Cury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8036-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egberto","family":"Reis Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel","family":"Jacobsen Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ciampi de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01000-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","article-title":"The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: Nodes in an integrated network","volume":"19","author":"Bostan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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