{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:53:47Z","timestamp":1762253627156,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["RC2019","RC2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2019","RC2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although substantial heritability has been reported and candidate genes have been identified, we are far from understanding the etiopathogenetic pathways underlying developmental dyslexia (DD). Reading-related endophenotypes (EPs) have been established. Until now it was unknown whether they mediated the pathway from gene to reading (dis)ability. Thus, in a sample of 223 siblings from nuclear families with DD and 79 unrelated typical readers, we tested four EPs (i.e., rapid auditory processing, rapid automatized naming, multisensory nonspatial attention and visual motion processing) and 20 markers spanning five DD-candidate genes (i.e., DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1 and GRIN2B) using a multiple-predictor\/multiple-mediator framework. Our results show that rapid auditory and visual motion processing are mediators in the pathway from ROBO1-rs9853895 to reading. Specifically, the T\/T genotype group predicts impairments in rapid auditory and visual motion processing which, in turn, predict poorer reading skills. Our results suggest that ROBO1 is related to reading via multisensory temporal processing. These findings support the use of EPs as an effective approach to disentangling the complex pathways between candidate genes and behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T09:21:15Z","timestamp":1608110475000},"page":"993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Mediation Role of Dynamic Multisensory Processing Using Molecular Genetic Data in Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Mascheretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4593-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de Psychologie, Laval University, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Trezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Andreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Psychologie du D\u00e9veloppement et de l\u2019\u00c9ducation de l\u2019Enfant (LaPsyD\u00c9), Universit\u00e8 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Giorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginette","family":"Dionne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de Psychologie, Laval University, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"The Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Facoetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. 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