{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:27:29Z","timestamp":1780669649023,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Balance control systems involve complex systems directing muscle activity to prevent internal and external influences that destabilize posture, especially when body positions change. The computerized dynamic posturography stability score has been established to be the most repeatable posturographic measure using variations of the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance (mCTSIB). However, the mCTSIB is a standard group of tests relying largely on eyes-open and -closed standing positions with the head in a neutral position, associated with probability of missing postural instabilities associated with head positions off the neutral plane. Postural stability scores are compromised with changes in head positions after concussion. The position of the head and neck induced by statically maintained head turns is associated with significantly lower stability scores than the standardized head neutral position of the mCTSIB in Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) subjects but not in normal healthy controls. This phenomenon may serve as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate PCS subjects from normal ones as well as serving as a measurement with which to quantify function or the success or failure of a treatment. Head positions off the neutral plane provide novel biomarkers that identify and differentiate subjects suffering from PCS from healthy normal subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10121003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T10:42:47Z","timestamp":1608201767000},"page":"1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Head Position and Posturography: A Novel Biomarker to Identify Concussion Sufferers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick Robert","family":"Carrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Professions Education, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA"},{"name":"Department of Research, Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AJ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Pagnacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"},{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Hunfalvay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Azzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Oggero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"},{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)02021-1","article-title":"The dynamics of standing balance","volume":"6","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. 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