{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:34:07Z","timestamp":1787870047393,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001511","name":"Auckland Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1118018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1118018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eisdell Moore Centre","award":["3718360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3718360"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Auditory Residual Inhibition (ARI) is a temporary suppression of tinnitus that occurs in some people following the presentation of masking sounds. Differences in neural response to ARI stimuli may enable classification of tinnitus and a tailored approach to intervention in the future. In an exploratory study, we investigated the use of a brain-inspired artificial neural network to examine the effects of ARI on electroencephalographic function, as well as the predictive ability of the model. Ten tinnitus patients underwent two auditory stimulation conditions (constant and amplitude modulated broadband noise) at two time points and were then characterised as responders or non-responders, based on whether they experienced ARI or not. Using a spiking neural network model, we evaluated concurrent neural patterns generated across space and time from features of electroencephalographic data, capturing the neural dynamic changes before and after stimulation. Results indicated that the model may be used to predict the effect of auditory stimulation on tinnitus on an individual basis. This approach may aid in the development of predictive models for treatment selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T21:18:57Z","timestamp":1609881537000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prediction of Acoustic Residual Inhibition of Tinnitus Using a Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh G.","family":"Doborjeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam G.","family":"Doborjeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology and Software Engineering Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola K.","family":"Kasabov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"},{"name":"Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry\/Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK"},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant D.","family":"Searchfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Eisdell Moore Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5503.439","article-title":"Characterization of Tinnitus by Tinnitus Patients","volume":"55","author":"Stouffer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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