{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1790750865073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Combining aerobic, coordination and cognitive training allows for more improved physical and cognitive performance than when performed separately. A Nordic walking (NW) and two cognitive-motor circuit training programs (CT-c and CT-fit) are compared. CT-c and CT-fit stimulate cognition differently: CT-c, is through conventional complex coordination training performed in single and dual-task conditions; CT-fit, incorporates it into complex goal-directed actions, implemented by fitness gaming technology (2) The aim is to determine whether CT-fit brings additional benefits to cognition compared to more traditional training. (3) Forty-five healthy independent living community dwellers participants (65\u201380 years) will be included after a general medical examination. The main exclusion criteria are signs of cognitive impairments (Mini\u2013Mental State Examination &lt; 26\/30) and physical impairments. Pre and post-tests will be performed to assess: cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Trail Making Test; Stroop task, working memory test, Rey Complex Figure copy task, Oral Trail Making Test, and dual-task); motor fitness (Bipedal and unipedal balance test, gait assessments, Time Up and Go, chair sit and reach test and four-square stepping test); and physical fitness (10 m incremental shuttle walking test, maximal handgrip force, Timed-Stands test). (4) Incorporating cognitive demands into complex, goal-directed actions using fitness gaming technology should be the best solution to optimize training benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T09:15:16Z","timestamp":1609924516000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparison of Three Physical\u2014Cognitive Training Programs in Healthy Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Monocentric Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8819-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Maria","family":"Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5284-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Langeard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, U1075 COMETE, 14032 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1109-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Hugues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut de Neurobiologie de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Laurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Institut de Neurobiologie de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Temprado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, CEDEX 09, 13007 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD005381","article-title":"Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Angevaren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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