{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T03:26:00Z","timestamp":1777173960833,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2018Sinus headache and\/or facial pain\u2019 (SH) is a common complaint encountered by otorhinolaryngologists, neurologists and general practitioners. However, several studies suggested that the majority of those cases may be attributed to primary headaches (i.e., migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the etiology of SH. The first part includes cross-sectional studies analyzing the prevalence of respective diagnoses in subjects with SH. The majority of these publications indicate that migraine and TTH are the most prevalent causes of SH, although most of these studies were conducted in a clinical setting. The second part of this review included treatment trials in subjects with SH. The findings from this part of the review show that SH without rhinosinusitis responds well to pharmacotherapy targeted at primary headaches. This observation further supports a neurologic etiology of the majority of SH cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Etiology of \u2018Sinus Headache\u2019\u2014Moving the Focus from Rhinology to Neurology. A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9811-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Straburzy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Clinic\u2014Terapia Neurologiczna Samodzielni, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gryglas-Dworak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Rare Diseases, Headache Center Wroclaw, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Nowaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3113-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Bro\u017cek-M\u0105dry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-739 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Martelletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit, Regional Referral Headache Centre, DAI Medical Sciences, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513475382","article-title":"The Aetiology Underlying Sinus Headaches","volume":"41","author":"Kaymakci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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