{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:20:32Z","timestamp":1764937232079,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Freigeist Fellowship of the Volkswagen Foundation","award":["AZ92977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ92977"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this perspective, we follow the idea that an integration of cognitive models with sensorimotor theories of compulsion is required to understand the subjective experience of compulsive action. We argue that cognitive biases in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder may obscure an altered momentary, pre-reflective experience of sensorimotor control, whose detection thus requires an implicit experimental operationalization. We propose that a classic psychophysical test exists that provides this implicit operationalization, i.e., the intentional binding paradigm. We show how intentional binding can pit two ideas against each other that are fundamental to current sensorimotor theories of compulsion, i.e., the idea of excessive conscious monitoring of action, and the idea that patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder compensate for diminished conscious access to \u201cinternal states\u201d, including states of the body, by relying on more readily observable proxies. Following these ideas, we develop concrete, testable hypotheses on how intentional binding changes under the assumption of different sensorimotor theories of compulsion. Furthermore, we demonstrate how intentional binding provides a touchstone for predictive coding accounts of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. A thorough empirical test of the hypotheses developed in this perspective could help explain the puzzling, disabling phenomenon of compulsion, with implications for the normal subjective experience of human action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Psychophysical Window onto the Subjective Experience of Compulsion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3694-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max-Philipp","family":"Stenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 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