{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:50:46Z","timestamp":1760233846971,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities State Research Agency","award":["PGC2018-095829-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-095829-B-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Studies on complexity indicators in the field of functional connectivity derived from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in Down syndrome (DS) samples and their possible relationship with cognitive functioning variables are rare. We analyze how some complexity indicators estimated in the subareas that constitute the default mode network (DMN) might be predictors of the neuropsychological outcomes evaluating Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and cognitive performance in persons with DS. Methods: Twenty-two DS people were assessed with the Kaufman Brief Test of Intelligence (KBIT) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) tests, and fMRI signals were recorded in a resting state over a six-minute period. In addition, 22 controls, matched by age and sex, were evaluated with the same rs-fMRI procedure. Results: There was a significant difference in complexity indicators between groups: the control group showed less complexity than the DS group. Moreover, the DS group showed more variance in the complexity indicator distributions than the control group. In the DS group, significant and negative relationships were found between some of the complexity indicators in some of the DMN networks and the cognitive performance scores. Conclusions: The DS group is characterized by more complex DMN networks and exhibits an inverse relationship between complexity and cognitive performance based on the negative parameter estimates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T10:36:37Z","timestamp":1614681397000},"page":"311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Complexity Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Resting-State fMRI in Down Syndrome: Relationships Highlighted by a Neuropsychological Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Figueroa-Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences of the Centro Universitario de los Valles, University of Guadalajara (M\u00e9xico), 44160 Guadalajara, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0383-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Carb\u00f3-Carret\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Serra Hunter Fellow, Department of Cognition, Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ca\u00f1ete-Mass\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology &amp; Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zarabozo-Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIO Group Clinical Laboratory, Center for Research in Advanced Functional Neuro-Diagnosis CINDFA, 44160 Guadalajara, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Per\u00f3-Cebollero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Social Psychology &amp; Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe","family":"Salazar-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences of the Centro Universitario de los Valles, University of Guadalajara (M\u00e9xico), 44160 Guadalajara, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Gu\u00e0rdia-Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Social Psychology &amp; Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"UB Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00522","article-title":"The neuropsychology of Down syndrome: Evidence for hippocampal dysfunction","volume":"74","author":"Pennington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child. 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