{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:21:44Z","timestamp":1775852504445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The manifestation of Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) during adulthood is one of the least examined research areas among the relevant literature. Therefore, the adult population with SLD is considered a \u201crare\u201d and \u201cunique\u201d population of major scientific interest. The aim of the current study was to investigate, describe, and analyze the clinical, academic, and socio-demographic characteristics, and other everyday functioning life-skills of adults with SLD, in an attempt to shed more light on this limited field of research. The overall sample consisted of 318 adults, who were assessed for possible SLD. The diagnostic procedure included self-report records (clinical interview), psychometric\/cognitive, and learning assessments. The main finding of the study was that SLD, even during adulthood, continues to affect the individuals\u2019 well-being and functionality in all of their life domains. There is an ongoing struggle of this population to obtain academic qualifications in order to gain vocational rehabilitation, as well as a difficulty to create a family, possibly resulting from their unstable occupational status, their financial insecurity, and the emotional\/self-esteem issues they usually encounter, due to their ongoing learning problems. Moreover, the various interpersonal characteristics, the comorbidity issues, and the different developmental backgrounds observed in the clinical, academic, personal, social, and occupational profiles of the participants, highlight the enormous heterogeneity and the continuum that characterizes SLD during adulthood. We conclude that there is an imperative need for further research and the construction of more sufficient tools for the assessment and diagnosis of SLD during adulthood, which will take into account the developmental challenges and milestones in a series of domains, in order to assist this \u201cvulnerable\u201d population with their life struggles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T21:32:46Z","timestamp":1620595966000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical Profiles and Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Adults with Specific Learning Disorder in Northern Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4347-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Bonti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Education, School of Education, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Giannoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianthi","family":"Georgitsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sofologi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Laboratory, Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Centre of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45100 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia-Nektaria","family":"Porfyri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artemis","family":"Mousioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Konsta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9104-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Tatsiopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afroditi","family":"Kamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Vavetsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Diakogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloni-ki, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cortiella, C., and Horowitz, S.H. (2014). The State of Learning Disabilities: Facts, Trends and Emerging Issues, National Center for Learning Disabilities."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bonti, E. (2013). 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