{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:48:58Z","timestamp":1793508538628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2018-R1D1A1A0-2085328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018-R1D1A1A0-2085328"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2018-R1C1B5083040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018-R1C1B5083040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Controversy exists regarding the relationship between anemia and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PD related to anemia in the Korean population. (2) Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which includes adults over 40 years of age, was assessed from 2002 to 2015. A total of 5844 PD patients were matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence with 23,376 control participants at a ratio of 1:4. The analyzed covariates included age, sex, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted for case-control analyses. (3) Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the risk of PD associated with anemia was 1.09 after adjusting for potential confounders (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01\u20131.18, p = 0.030). Among men younger than 70 years, the adjusted OR of PD was 1.34 (95% CI 1.13\u20131.60, p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that anemia may increase the risk of PD, particularly in men younger than 70 years. Further research is required to elucidate the causal relationship between these two diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T11:10:06Z","timestamp":1620904206000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Association between Anemia and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0629-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). 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