{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:25:50Z","timestamp":1790652350060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NZP\/PM1\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NZP\/PM1\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects many organs. Lewy bodies\u2014a histopathological \u201challmark\u201d of PD\u2014are detected in about 75% of PD submandibular gland samples. We hypothesize that saliva can be a source of biomarkers of PD. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the salivary proteome of PD patients and healthy controls (HC). Salivary samples from 39 subjects (24 PD patients, mean age 61.6 \u00b1 8.2; 15 HC, mean age 60.9 \u00b1 6.7) were collected. Saliva was collected using RNA-Pro-Sal kits. Label-free LC-MS\/MS mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the proteome of the saliva. IPA analysis of upstream inhibitors was performed. A total of 530 proteins and peptides were identified. We observed lower concentrations of S100-A16, ARP2\/3, and VPS4B in PD group when compared to HC. We conclude that the salivary proteome composition of PD patients is different than that of healthy controls. We observed a lower concentration of proteins involved in inflammatory processes, exosome formation, and adipose tissue formation. The variability of expression of proteins between the two groups needs to be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1621340236000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Proteomic Profile of Saliva in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients: A Proof of Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Figura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Sitkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianka","family":"\u015awiderska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4197-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Milanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Szlufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Koziorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00612","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Biomarkers, treatment, and risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Emamzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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