{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:51:23Z","timestamp":1783749083883,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatial memory has been studied through different instruments and tools with different modalities of administration. The cognitive load varies depending on the measure used and it should be taken into account to correctly interpret results. The aim of this research was to analyze how men and women perform three different spatial memory tasks with the same spatial context but with different cognitive demands. A total of 287 undergraduate students from the University of Almeria (Spain) and the University of L\u2019Aquila (Italy) participated in the study. They were divided into three groups balanced by sex according to the spatial memory test they performed: the Walking Space Boxes Room Task (WSBRT), the Almeria Spatial Memory Recognition Test (ASMRT) and the Non-Walking Space Boxes Room Task (NWSBRT). Time spent and number of errors\/correct answers were registered for analysis. In relation to the WSBRT and the ASMRT, men were faster and reached the optimal level of performance before women. In the three tests, familiarity with the spatial context helped to reduce the number of errors, regardless of the level of difficulty. In conclusion, sex differences were determined by the familiarity with the spatial context, the difficulty level of the task, the active or passive role of the participant and the amount of visual information provided in each screen shot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sex Differences in Spatial Memory: Comparison of Three Tasks Using the Same Virtual Context"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Tasc\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Di Cicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Piccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2051-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Palmiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1150-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Bocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Cimadevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu013","article-title":"Assessing spatial learning and memory in rodents","volume":"55","author":"Vorhees","year":"2014","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Geographic orientation and disorientation: Getting lost and getting found in real and information spaces","volume":"8","author":"Montello","year":"2009","journal-title":"User Exp. Mag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.031","article-title":"Segregation of neural circuits involved in spatial learning in reaching and navigational space","volume":"51","author":"Nemmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2234-2","article-title":"Different spatial memory systems are involved in small-and large-scale environments: Evidence from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"206","author":"Piccardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edler, D., Bestgen, A.-K., Kuchinke, L., and Dickmann, F. (2014). Grids in topographic maps reduce distorsions in the recall or learned object locations. PLoS ONE, 28.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098148"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20027","article-title":"Integrated Contextual representation for objects\u2019 identities and their locations","volume":"20","author":"Gronau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.001","article-title":"What determines our navigational abilities?","volume":"14","author":"Wolbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cog. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2018.06.020","article-title":"Not all those who wander are lost: Spatial exploration patterns and their relationship to gender and spatial memory","volume":"180","author":"Gagnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14123","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0801-15.2015","article-title":"Hippocampal volume reduction in humans predicts impaired allocentric spatial memory in virtual-reality navigation","volume":"35","author":"Guderian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2015.06.007","article-title":"Factors related to sex differences in navigating a computerized maze","volume":"43","author":"Nowak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22587","article-title":"Functional cross-hemispheric shift between object-place paired associate memory and spatial memory in the human hippocampus","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011019","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.5.1.011019","article-title":"Are ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices involved in the computerized Corsi block-tapping test execution? An fNIRS study","volume":"5","author":"Lancia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snopkov\u00e1, D., Ugwuitz, P., Stachon, Z., Hlad\u00edk, J., Jurik, V., Kvarda, O., and Kub\u00edcek, P. (2021). Retracing evacuation strategy: A virtual reality game-based investigation into the influence of building\u2019s spatial configuration in an emergency. Spa. Cogn. Comp.","DOI":"10.1080\/13875868.2021.1913497"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ugwitz, P., Jurik, V., Herman, L., Stachon, Z., Kubicek, P., and Sasinka, C. (2019). Spatial analysis of navigation in virtual geographic environments. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091873"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sogol, M., and Moussavi, Z. (2020). Does practicing with a virtual reality driving simulator improve spatial cognition in older adults? A pilot study. Neurosci Insights, 15.","DOI":"10.1177\/2633105520967930"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-014-0598-9","article-title":"Age-related effects on spatial memory across viewpoint changes relative to different reference frames","volume":"79","author":"Montefinese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.722657","article-title":"The influence of action on episodic memory: A virtual reality study","volume":"66","author":"Plancher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00408","article-title":"Enhancing the ecological validity of fMRI memory research using virtual reality","volume":"12","author":"Reggente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differences in spatial memory recognition due to cognitive style","volume":"8","author":"Boccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110379285","article-title":"Scopolamine disrupts hippocampal activity during allocentric spatial memory in humans: An fMRI study using a virtual reality analogue of the Morris Water Maze","volume":"25","author":"Antonova","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1167-2","article-title":"Effect of age on spatial memory performance in real museum vs. computer simulation","volume":"19","author":"Korman","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00386","article-title":"Picturing perspectives: Development of perspective-taking abilities in 4- to 8-year-olds","volume":"5","author":"Frick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.013","article-title":"Using virtual reality to characterize episodic memory profiles in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Influence of active and passive encoding","volume":"50","author":"Plancher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.08.007","article-title":"Viewpoint-related gender differences in a spatial recognition task","volume":"50","author":"Cimadevilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.05.011","article-title":"Almeria spatial memory recognition test (ASMRT): Gender differences emerged in a new passive spatial task","volume":"651","author":"Cimadevilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.03.022","article-title":"Walking and non-walking space in an equivalent virtual reality task: Sexual dimorphism and aging decline of spatial abilities","volume":"347","author":"Castillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"233","article-title":"Neurophysiology of spatial cognition","volume":"15","author":"Bures","year":"2000","journal-title":"News Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.11.005","article-title":"Egocentric and allocentric representations of space in the rodent brain","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.06.014","article-title":"IGF-I ameliorates hippocampal neurodegeneration and protects against cognitive deficits in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"231","author":"Miltiadous","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00803","article-title":"A critical review of the allocentric spatial representation and its neural underpinnings: Toward a network-based perspective","volume":"8","author":"Ekstrom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00204","article-title":"No gender differences in egocentric and allocentric environmental transformation after compensating for male advantage by manipulating familiarity","volume":"12","author":"Nori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-015-0670-4","article-title":"Situated navigational working memory: The role of positive mood","volume":"16","author":"Palmiero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.11.003","article-title":"Perspective changing in primary and secondary learning: A gender difference study","volume":"21","author":"Piccardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.02.024","article-title":"A new virtual task to evaluate human place learning","volume":"190","author":"Iribarne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.08.006","article-title":"Gender differences in spatial orientation: A review","volume":"24","author":"Coluccia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.01.035","article-title":"The virtual reality Walking Corsi Test","volume":"48","author":"Nori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.08.031","article-title":"Sex differences in a landmark environmental re-orientation task only during the learning phase","volume":"503","author":"Piccardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-015-0694-9","article-title":"An implicit spatial memory alignment effect","volume":"16","author":"Cerles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2011.586710","article-title":"The first-perspective alignment effect: The role of environmental complexity and familiarity with surroundings","volume":"64","author":"Tlauka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reference frames in virtual spatial navigation are viewpoint dependent","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.08.034","article-title":"Sex effects on spatial learning but not on spatial memory retrieval in healthy young adults","volume":"336","author":"Piber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2011.01.005","article-title":"Besides navigation accuracy: Gender differences in strategy selection and level of spatial confidence","volume":"31","author":"Picucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00128","article-title":"Gender differences in large-scale and small-scale spatial ability: A systematic review based on behavioral and neuroimaging research","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bocchi, A., Palmiero, M., and Piccardi, L. (2021). Travel planning in men and women. Who is better?. Curr. Psychol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01451-x"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0952-0","article-title":"Separate effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes on brain structure and function revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spatial navigation assessment of the Four Core Genotype mouse model","volume":"221","author":"Corre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex differences in spatial memory in brown-headed cowbirds: Males outperform females on a touchscreen task","volume":"17","author":"Guigueno","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000054","article-title":"Developmental gender differences in children in a virtual spatial memory task","volume":"28","author":"Cimadevilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.03.008","article-title":"Age and gender-related differences in a spatial memory task in humans","volume":"306","author":"Cimadevilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4682-9","article-title":"Does field independence predict visuo-spatial abilities underpinning human navigation? Behavioural evidence","volume":"234","author":"Boccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2466\/01.13.17.PR0.109.4.309-326","article-title":"Familiarity and environmental representations of a city: A self-report study","volume":"109","author":"Piccardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Thomas, J.B. (2011). Familiarity and spatial cognitive style: How important are they for spatial representation?. Spatial Memory: Visuospatial Processes, Cognitive Performance and Developmental Effects, Nova Sciences Publiser, Inc."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"65","article-title":"Spatial skills","volume":"175","author":"Lanzenberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrisler, J., and McCreary, D. (2010). Gender, spatial abilities, and wayfinding. Handbook of gender research in psychology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1465-1"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0399-z","article-title":"Age and gender differences in spatial perspective taking","volume":"28","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/73980","article-title":"Brain activation during human navigation: Gender-different neural networks as substrate of performance","volume":"3","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Virtual reality assessment of walking and nonwalking space in men and women with virtual reality-based tasks","volume":"13","author":"Cimadevilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4557-0","article-title":"Familiar environments enhance object and spatial memory in both younger and older adults","volume":"234","author":"Merriman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2019.1663216","article-title":"Age-related differences in the elderly in a spatial recognition task","volume":"27","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2014.960568","article-title":"Working memory and strategy use contribute to gender differences in spatial ability","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo Escamilla, J., Fern\u00e1ndez Castro, J.J., Baliyan, S., Ortells-Pareja, J.J., Ortells Rodr\u00edguez, J.J., and Cimadevilla, J.M. (2020). Allocentric spatial memory performance in a virtual reality-based task is conditioned by visuospatial working memory capacity. Brain Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10080552"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.015","article-title":"Perspective changing in WalCT and VR-WalCT: A gender difference study [WalCT\u2013VR-WalCT: Gender differences]","volume":"53","author":"Nori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.07.005","article-title":"Age and gender differences in various topographical orientation strategies","volume":"1410","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210802307695","article-title":"Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances","volume":"16","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2008.07.001","article-title":"The effects of familiarity and gender on spatial representation","volume":"29","author":"Iachini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"114","article-title":"Sex differences in relation to wayfinding strategies, navigational support design, and wayfinding task difficulty","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-6765-0","article-title":"How important is the digital divide? The relation of computer and videogame usage to gender differences in mental rotation ability","volume":"53","author":"Terlecki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2019.102895","article-title":"Gender, videogames and navigation in virtual space","volume":"199","author":"Larios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/11\/6\/757\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:11:43Z","timestamp":1760163103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/11\/6\/757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci11060757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11060757","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]}}}