{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:25:04Z","timestamp":1781796304117,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Depression and apathy both affect cognitive abilities, such as thinking, concentration and making decisions in young and old individuals. Although apathy is claimed to be a \u201ccore\u201d feature of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), it may occur in the absence of depression and vice versa. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore whether depression or apathy better predict financial capacity performance in PD and FTD as well as in nondemented participants. (2) Methods: Eighty-eight participants divided into three groups (PD, FTD and non-demented participants) were examined with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale (LCPLTAS)\u2014Full and short form. The Geriatric Depression Scale informant version (GDS-15) and the Irritability-Apathy Scale (IAS) we completed by caregivers. (3) Results: The results indicated that both PD and FTD patients\u2019 general cognitive functioning and financial capacity performance is negatively influenced by apathy and not by depression. (4) Conclusions: Differences in financial capacity performance indicate that apathy should not be disregarded in clinical assessments. Further studies on larger PD and FTD populations are necessary in order to investigate the decisive role of mood factors on financial capacity impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T10:30:25Z","timestamp":1623666625000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Is Depression or Apathy Playing a Key Role in Predicting Financial Capacity in Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Dementia and Frontotemporal Dementia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vaitsa","family":"Giannouli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Tsolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54634 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26208","article-title":"Apathy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Brok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.01.022","article-title":"Overcoming Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia: Challenges and Future Directions","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2019.301.66","article-title":"Depression and Financial Capacity Assessment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Dementia: Overlooking an Important Factor?","volume":"30","author":"Giannouli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000374","article-title":"Vascular Dementia, Depression, and Financial Capacity Assessment","volume":"35","author":"Giannouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannouli, V., and Tsolaki, M. (2021). Mild Alzheimer Disease, Financial Capacity, and the Role of Depression. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord.","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000427"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannouli, V., and Tsolaki, M. (2020). Unraveling Ariadne\u2019s Thread into the Labyrinth of AMCI. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord.","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000417"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507","article-title":"Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Dementia Associated with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"22","author":"Emre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1375","article-title":"Development and Initial Validation of a 15-Item Informant Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199001000-00004","article-title":"Clinical Assessment of Irritability, Aggression, and Apathy in Huntington and Alzheimer Disease","volume":"178","author":"Burns","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170812","article-title":"Exploring the Role of Cognitive Factors in a New Instrument for Elders\u2019 Financial Capacity Assessment","volume":"62","author":"Giannouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.6.877","article-title":"Assessing Financial Capacity in Patients with Alzheimer Disease","volume":"57","author":"Marson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000677","article-title":"Apathy and Neurocognitive Correlates: Review from the Perspective of \u2018precision psychiatry\u2019","volume":"34","author":"Modrego","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"160","article-title":"Are Left Angular Gyrus and Amygdala Volumes Important for Financial Capacity in Mild Cognitive Impairment?","volume":"22","author":"Giannouli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hell. J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2","article-title":"Legal Capacity of the Elderly in Greece","volume":"17","author":"Giannouli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hell. J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6641-5.00013-1","article-title":"Psychiatric Issues in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"Volume 34","author":"Weintraub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blue Books of Neurology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannouli, V., and Tsolaki, M. (2021). Frontotemporal Dementia and Financial Capacity: Facing the Cerberus of Overestimation or Underestimation?. Australas. Psychiatry.","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562211005444"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5964\/psyct.v8i2.130","article-title":"A Neglected Drama for Elders: Discrepancy Between Self-Perception and Objective Performance Regarding Financial Capacity in Patients with Cognitive Deficits","volume":"8","author":"Giannouli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Thought"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200254","article-title":"APOE \u025b4 Allele and Financial Capacity Performance in Mild Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"5","author":"Giannouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1712","article-title":"Questions About Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Personal Beliefs and Real Performance for Financial Capacity Tasks","volume":"33","author":"Giannouli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/11\/6\/785\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:14:00Z","timestamp":1760163240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/11\/6\/785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci11060785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11060785","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]}}}