{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:21:42Z","timestamp":1772252502029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SLI and SLD constitute two independent neurodevelopmental disorders, which frequently cause challenges in the diagnosis process, especially due to their nature. This has caused disagreement among clinicians regarding their recognition as separate or overlapping disorders. The objective of the study was to enlighten the path of valid diagnosis and intervention during adolescence when the two disorders change their manifestation and overlap. Two hundred Greek adolescents (140 boys and 60 girls), 124 already diagnosed with SLD and 76 diagnosed with SLI, 12\u201316 years old, participated in the study. All participants were assessed in reading, oral and written language and mathematics (mathematical operations and mathematical reasoning) along with IQ testing. In order to determine statistically significant differences, the chi-square test, independent samples t-test, odds ratios and their 95 per cent confidence intervals were implemented. The results revealed that the SLI group presented significantly greater difficulties than SLD in their overall cognitive-mental profile and in most language and mathematical measurements (number concept, executive-procedural part of solving operations and mathematical reasoning). The similarity of the two groups was mainly detected in their deficient metacognitive, metalinguistic and metamnemonic strategies. The research concludes that SLD adolescents managed to overcome their difficulties to a significant degree, while adolescents with SLI still struggle with many learning areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1624619260000},"page":"850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Similarities and Differences in the Learning Profiles of Adolescents with SLD and SLI in Mathematics\u2014A Preliminary Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4347-1828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Bonti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Education, School of Education, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afroditi","family":"Kamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sofologi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Giannoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9017-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia-Nektaria","family":"Porfyri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9104-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Tatsiopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. Efkarpia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54603 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kougioumtzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Turkish and Modern Asian Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10680 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Efstratopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education (CEDU), United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 112612, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Diakogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Psychiatric Clinic, \u201cPapageorgiou\u201d General Hospital, Ring Road Thessaloniki, N. 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