{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:38:12Z","timestamp":1789609092460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the target of a variety of immune-mediated disorders, usually classified as presynaptic and postsynaptic, according to the site of the antigenic target and consequently of the neuromuscular transmission alteration. Although less common than the classical autoimmune postsynaptic myasthenia gravis, presynaptic disorders are important to recognize due to the frequent association with cancer. Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome is due to a presynaptic failure to release acetylcholine, caused by antibodies to the presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels. Acquired neuromyotonia is a condition characterized by nerve hyperexcitability often due to the presence of antibodies against proteins associated with voltage-gated potassium channels. This review will focus on the recent developments in the autoimmune presynaptic disorders of the NMJ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11081035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Presynaptic Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Giannoccaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, UOC Clinica Neurologia, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Avoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, UOC Clinica Neurologia, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, UOC Clinica Neurologia, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flanagan, E.P. 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