{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:18:48Z","timestamp":1760235528878,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, several research studies focused on understanding the damage to the respiratory and circulatory systems. However, the evidence of neurological manifestations as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease has increased. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the potential association of neurological disorders with concomitant COVID-19 infection. We reviewed 101 patients (mean age, 70.05 years; 62.37% men) diagnosed with different neurological disorders and COVID-19 who were referred to the Department of Neurology between March 2020 and May 2021. The protocol included demographic, clinical, and neuroimagistic features, biochemical evaluation data, and prognosis. In the first group of patients with non-severe COVID-19 infection (&lt;50% lung damage), we enrolled 75 cases (mean age, 69.13 years; 65.33% men), and the second group, with 26 patients (mean age, 72.69 years; 53.84% men), developed severe COVID-19 infection (&gt;50% lung damage). Severe COVID-19 infection was significantly correlated with an increased highly sensitive C-reactive protein level (hsCRP) (p &lt; 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) (p &lt; 0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p &lt; 0.05), D-dimer (p &lt; 0.05), fibrinogen level (p &lt; 0.05), and blood glucose (p &lt; 0.05) when compared to the first group. These biochemical parameters were increased in both groups, but the levels were much higher in the second group. Headaches (72.27%) and dizziness (14.85%) were present in the early stage of infection. Cerebrovascular events were also reported: ischemic stroke (48% vs. 57.69%; p &lt; 0.05), cerebral hemorrhage (4.95%), and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (1.98%). Encephalitis (1.98%) and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (1.98%) were found but less frequently. Cranial nerve abnormalities were statistically more common in the non-severe group: anosmia (32% vs. 26.92%; p &lt; 0.05), dysgeusia\/ageusia (48% vs. 42.30%; p &lt; 0.05), impaired eye movement (1.33% vs. 0%), and facial nerve palsy (2.66% vs. 0%). Seizures (13.33% vs. 11.53%; p &lt; 0.05) and a depressed level of consciousness (31.68%) occurred commonly. We detected the neuropsychiatric symptoms of anxiety (23.76%) and depression (14.85%). Mortality was increased in both groups but was much higher in the second group (46.15% vs. 21.33%). Neurological complications during COVID-19 infection are common in hospitalized patients, but the mechanism of these complications is not fully understood, representing a continuous challenge for neurologists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1630058003000},"page":"1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Spectrum and Neuroimagistic Features in Hospitalized Patients with Neurological Disorders and Concomitant Coronavirus-19 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anca Elena","family":"Gogu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei Gheorghe","family":"Motoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina Zorina","family":"Stroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Any","family":"Docu Axelerad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Docu Axelerad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brainaxy Clinic, 900628 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florina","family":"P\u00e2rv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgiana","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavius","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Catalin","family":"Jianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"117085","article-title":"Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"417","author":"Huot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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