{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:42:57Z","timestamp":1784238177134,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 HD082307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 HD082307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jack H Rubinstein Foundation","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]},{"name":"Emily Ann Hayes Research Fund","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep problems have a bi-directional impact on the daytime performance of children, parental well-being, and overall family functioning in the general population. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a high risk of sleep problems, yet the relationship between sleep problems, adaptive functioning, and family stress in children with DS is not well documented. We examined the relationship between sleep (i.e., duration and quality) and child and parent\/family functioning. Sixty-six children with DS wore an actigraph for a week to assess their sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Their parents completed ratings on child sleep duration and parasomnias, child adaptive functioning, parental depression and sleep, and family stress. The parents\u2019 reports of their children\u2019s sleep duration were associated with parental depressive symptoms. The parents\u2019 reports of their children\u2019s restless sleep behaviors were associated with poorer performances in child-compliant\/calm behaviors, worse parental sleep, and negative parental feelings and sibling relationships. The findings from actigraph measures of the children\u2019s sleep demonstrated that greater sleep efficiency was associated with greater child adaptive functioning and fewer parental depressive symptoms. The study findings provide preliminary evidence that sleep problems are related to child adaptive functioning, parental functioning, and family stress in children with DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11091170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1630933765000},"page":"1170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Child Sleep Linked to Child and Family Functioning in Children with Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Esbensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"},{"name":"Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Schworer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"},{"name":"Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl103","article-title":"The four ages of Down syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Bittles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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