{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:36:39Z","timestamp":1793327799842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep disturbances are well-recognised symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This review updates knowledge regarding the relationship between sleep during deployment, combat-related trauma, and PTSD in military personnel, from which the importance of restorative sleep results. The description of the characteristics of sleep in military forces with the considerable roles of the operational and training contexts highlights the important consequences of degraded sleep. Indeed, a lot of data suggest a dynamic link between sleep and the onset and chronicity of PTSD. We propose a reciprocal relationship model with strategies strongly recommended or already adopted by the military to promote restorative sleep before and after combat exposure. Among the alterations in a variety of sleep architecture and sleep patterns described in PTSD, the physiological hypothesis of REM sleep fragmentation in the development of PTSD symptoms may be important because REM sleep is generally associated with emotional memory. Finally, we address clinical and research perspectives that could be used to detect or restore sleep continuity before and during military deployment to possibly alleviate nightmares and insomnia related to combat exposure and PTSD occurrence and improve our understanding of sleep in PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T10:55:40Z","timestamp":1633085740000},"page":"1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Sleep and PTSD in the Military Forces: A Reciprocal Relationship and a Psychiatric Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emeric","family":"Saguin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Begin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mand\u00e9, France"},{"name":"VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Sant\u00e9 Publique) EA 7330, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Gomez-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Sant\u00e9 Publique) EA 7330, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Sauvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Sant\u00e9 Publique) EA 7330, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Sant\u00e9 Publique) EA 7330, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, H\u00f4tel-Dieu, APHP, 75004 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mounir","family":"Chennaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Sant\u00e9 Publique) EA 7330, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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