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Clinical research suggests that compulsive-like symptoms are related to associative cortico-striatal dysfunctions, and tic-like symptoms to sensorimotor cortico-striatal dysfunctions. The Sapap3 knockout mouse (Sapap3-KO), the current reference model to study such repetitive behaviours, presents both associative as well as sensorimotor cortico-striatal dysfunctions. Previous findings point to deficits in both macro-, as well as micro-circuitry, both of which can be affected by neuronal structural changes. However, to date, structural connectivity has not been analysed. Hence, in the present study, we conducted a comprehensive structural characterisation of both associative and sensorimotor striatum as well as major cortical areas connecting onto these regions. Besides a thorough immunofluorescence study on oligodendrocytes, we applied AxonDeepSeg, an open source software, to automatically segment and characterise myelin thickness and axon area. We found that axon calibre, the main contributor to changes in conduction speed, is specifically reduced in the associative striatum of the Sapap3-KO mouse; myelination per se seems unaffected in associative and sensorimotor cortico-striatal circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1634202649000},"page":"1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reduced Axon Calibre in the Associative Striatum of the Sapap3 Knockout Mouse"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Eliana","family":"Lousada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Neurophysiology of Repetitive Behaviours\u2019 (NERB), Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Heart Institute, Montr\u00e9al, QC H1T 1C8, Canada"},{"name":"NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Cohen-Adad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al (CRIUGM), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3W 1W5, Canada"},{"name":"Mila\u2014Quebec AI Institute, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2S 3H1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahim","family":"Nait Oumesmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Myelin Plasticity and Regeneration\u2019, Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Burgui\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Neurophysiology of Repetitive Behaviours\u2019 (NERB), Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schreiweis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Neurophysiology of Repetitive Behaviours\u2019 (NERB), Institut du Cerveau, Inserm U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080066","article-title":"Skill and automaticity: Relations, implications, and future directions","volume":"39","author":"Logan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. 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