{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:08:21Z","timestamp":1791922101256,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Even though increasing literature describes changes in emotional processing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), efforts to summarize relevant findings are lacking in the field. A systematic literature review was performed to provide a critical and up-to-date account of emotional abilities in ALS. References were identified by searches of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus (1980\u20132021, English literature), with the following key terms: (\u201cAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis\u201d or \u201cPrimary Lateral Sclerosis\u201d or \u201cMotor Neuron\u201d) and \u201cEmotion*\u201d and (\u201cProcessing\u201d or \u201cAttribution\u201d or \u201cElaboration\u201d or \u201cPerception\u201d or \u201cRecognition\u201d). Studies concerning only caregivers, pseudobulbar affect, and social cognition were excluded. Forty-one articles were included, all concerning ALS, and seven topics were identified: Emotion recognition, Emotional responsiveness, Emotional reactivity, Faces approachability rating, Valence rating, Memory for emotional materials and Alexithymia. The majority of these aspects have only been sparsely addressed. The evidence confirms altered emotional processing in ALS. The most consistent findings regard the recognition of facial expressions for negative emotions, but also alterations in the subjective responsiveness to emotional stimuli (arousal, valence and approachability), in psychophysiological and cerebral reactivity and in emotional memory, together with alexithymia traits, were reported. According to this evidence, emotional abilities should be included in the clinical assessment and therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T13:35:47Z","timestamp":1634304947000},"page":"1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Emotional Processing and Experience in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic and Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Carelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3274-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Solca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, \u201cDino Ferrari\u201d Center, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Tagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3977-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, \u201cDino Ferrari\u201d Center, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ticozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, \u201cDino Ferrari\u201d Center, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Motor Neuron Disease Centre, 3rd Neurology Unit, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cAldo Ravelli\u201d Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, International Medical School, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Clinic III, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pravettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4398-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7698-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Silani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, \u201cDino Ferrari\u201d Center, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"\u201cAldo Ravelli\u201d Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, International Medical School, University of 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