{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:28:09Z","timestamp":1760236089510,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-098149-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-098149-B-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation clocks are used as molecular estimators of epigenetic age, but with little evidence in mothers and none in neglectful mothering. We investigated differences in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and the role of empathy using the PhenoAge clock. We collected saliva samples from mothers with extreme disregard for their child\u2019s needs (50 in the neglect group, NG) and mothers with non-neglectful caregiving (87 in the control group, CG). Mothers completed an empathy scale, along with questionnaires of their own childhood maltreatment, adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic variables potentially affecting EAA were also measured. The ANCOVA solution showed a significant increase in EAA in the NG compared to the CG, after adjustment for maternal age, number of pregnancies, financial assistance, adverse events, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder. The group interaction effects showed a reduction in EAA for greater empathic concern and for a higher education level both as positive factors, and an increment in EAA for mothers living in a two-parent family as a risk factor, all in the NG. Our findings open the search for protective factors of EAA associated with caregiver behavior to reduce health vulnerabilities and poor social functioning, especially for mothers at risk of maladaptive caregiving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T14:37:48Z","timestamp":1634827068000},"page":"1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reduction in Epigenetic Age Acceleration Is Related to Empathy in Mothers with Neglectful Caregiving"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Herrero-Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colter","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maykel","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I. 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