{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:26:35Z","timestamp":1790511995748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Stroke is the leading cause of cortical deafness (CD), the most severe form of central hearing impairment. CD remains poorly characterized and perhaps underdiagnosed. We perform a systematic review to describe the clinical and radiological features of stroke-associated CD. Methods: PubMed and the Web of Science databases were used to identify relevant publications up to 30 June 2021 using the MeSH terms: \u201cdeafness\u201d and \u201cstroke\u201d, or \u201chearing loss\u201d and \u201cstroke\u201d or \u201cauditory agnosia\u201d and \u201cstroke\u201d. Results: We found 46 cases, caused by bilateral lesions within the central auditory pathway, mostly located within or surrounding the superior temporal lobe gyri and\/or the Heschl\u2019s gyri (30\/81%). In five (13.51%) patients, CD was caused by the subcortical hemispheric and in two (0.05%) in brainstem lesions. Sensorineural hearing loss was universal. Occasionally, a misdiagnosis by peripheral or psychiatric disorders occurred. A few (20%) had clinical improvement, with a regained oral conversation or evolution to pure word deafness (36.6%). A persistent inability of oral communication occurred in 43.3%. A full recovery of conversation was restricted to patients with subcortical lesions. Conclusions: Stroke-associated CD is rare, severe and results from combinations of cortical and subcortical lesions within the central auditory pathway. The recovery of functional hearing occurs, essentially, when caused by subcortical lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T09:18:09Z","timestamp":1634894289000},"page":"1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Stroke-Associated Cortical Deafness: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiological Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gracinda","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, University Hospital Center of Algarve, 8150-022 S\u00e3o Br\u00e1s de Alportel, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8131-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Taveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Le\u00e3o Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mouzinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Stroke Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Le\u00e3o Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hip\u00f3lito","family":"Nzwalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Stroke Unit, University Hospital Center of Algarve, Rua Le\u00e3o Penedo, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_PERS-SIG6-2019-0002","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Management of Cortical Deafness and Other Related Central Hearing Impairments","volume":"4","author":"Poling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect. 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