{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:53:45Z","timestamp":1790776425790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-12-PDOC-0037-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-12-PDOC-0037-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR Labex IAST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR Labex IAST"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007886","name":"Fondation Nestl\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IEA - International Emerging Actions 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IEA - International Emerging Actions 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007587","name":"Fondation Aix-Marseille Universite","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Amidex - P\u00e9pini\u00e8re D'excellence"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Amidex - P\u00e9pini\u00e8re D'excellence"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006319","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Extremo"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Extremo"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While recent advances in genetics make it possible to follow the genetic exchanges between populations and their phenotypic consequences, the impact of the genetic exchanges on the sensory perception of populations has yet to be explored. From this perspective, the present study investigated the consequences of African gene flow on odor perception in a Malagasy population with a predominantly East Asian genetic background. To this end, we combined psychophysical tests with genotype data of 235 individuals who were asked to smell the odorant molecule beta-ionone (\u03b2I). Results showed that in this population the ancestry of the OR5A1 gene significantly influences the ability to detect \u03b2I. At the individual level, African ancestry significantly protects against specific anosmia\/hyposmia due to the higher frequency of the functional gene (OR ratios = 14, CI: 1.8\u2013110, p-value = 0.012). At the population level, African introgression decreased the prevalence of specific anosmia\/hyposmia to this odorous compound. Taken together, these findings validate the conjecture that in addition to cultural exchanges, genetic transfer may also influence the sensory perception of the population in contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1635198021000},"page":"1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["African Gene Flow Reduces Beta-Ionone Anosmia\/Hyposmia Prevalence in Admixed Malagasy Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harilanto","family":"Razafindrazaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13344 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, 21 All\u00e9es de Brienne, CEDEX 6, 31015 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Pereda-Loth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe de M\u00e9decine Evolutive, URU EVOLSAN, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Groupement Scientifique en Biologie et M\u00e9decine Spatiale, Facult\u00e9 M\u00e9decine Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Ferdenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Heiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe de M\u00e9decine Evolutive, URU EVOLSAN, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe de M\u00e9decine Evolutive, URU EVOLSAN, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minah","family":"Randriamialisoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement Histoire, Facult\u00e9 des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Costedoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13344 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Signoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13344 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Talou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INP-ENSIACET, 31030 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Courtade-Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Histologie-Embryologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Rangueil, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8789-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Recherche en G\u00e9nomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, CEA, 91057 Evry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Deleuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Recherche en G\u00e9nomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie Fran\u00e7ois Jacob, CEA, 91057 Evry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Rouby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Radimilahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Civilisations\/Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art et d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Antananarivo, Isoraka, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Letellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe de M\u00e9decine Evolutive, URU EVOLSAN, Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa","family":"Bensafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Pierron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equipe de M\u00e9decine Evolutive, URU EVOLSAN, 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