{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:47:54Z","timestamp":1788468474261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: pediatric hydrocephalus is a challenging condition. Programmable shunt valves (PSV) have been increasingly used. This study is undertaken to firstly, to objectively evaluate the efficacy of PSV as a treatment modality for pediatric hydrocephalus; and next, review its associated patient outcomes at our institution. Secondary objectives include the assessment of our indications for PSV, and corroboration of our results with published literature. (2) Methods: this is an ethics-approved, retrospective study. Variables of interest include age, gender, hydrocephalus etiology, shunt failure rates and incidence of adjustments made per PSV. Data including shunt failure, implant survival, and utility comparisons between PSV types are subjected to statistical analyses. (3) Results: in this case, 51 patients with PSV are identified for this study, with 32 index and 19 revision shunts. There are 3 cases of shunt failure (6%). The mean number of adjustments per PSV is 1.82 times and the mean number of adjustments made per PSV is significantly lower for MEDTRONIC\u2122 Strata PSVs compared with others (p = 0.031). Next, PSV patients that are adjusted more frequently include cases of shunt revisions, PSVs inserted due to CSF over-drainage and tumor-related hydrocephalus. (4) Conclusion: we describe our institutional experience of PSV use in pediatric hydrocephalus and its advantages in a subset of patients whose opening pressures are uncertain and evolving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T02:55:17Z","timestamp":1637636117000},"page":"1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Programmable Shunt Valves for Pediatric Hydrocephalus: 22-Year Experience from a Singapore Children\u2019s Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8727-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Li","family":"Tey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ping","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C. Y.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Tew","family":"Seow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Y. Y.","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Service, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"},{"name":"SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.PEDS14321","article-title":"Pediatric hydrocephalus: Systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines. Part 1: Introduction and methodology","volume":"14","author":"Flannery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. 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