{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:48:00Z","timestamp":1767206880787,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although many musical intervention studies exist in the wider framework of neuroscience and psychology, the preliminary importance of feasibility studies is rarely discussed. Adding to this fact the limited research existing on the therapeutic and restorative potential of music exposure during early developmental periods, pushed us to concentrate on investigating newborns\u2019 perception of music and its impact on the brain. Here, we explore the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) approach when measuring and comparing the neurophysiological perception of music versus language on the brainstem of newborns using auditory brainstem response (ABR). Twenty-five healthy full-term infants were recruited, eight of which were measured within their first 10 days postpartum. The evaluation of the study\u2019s feasibility appealed to five main objectives that essentially answer the question: Can our protocol work? Each objective proposes questions based on Orsmond and Cohn\u2019s guiding framework, designed to assess, and assist feasibility in understanding barriers toward a study\u2019s success. Our results justify that newborns are well capable of undergoing the study and given meticulous considerations and improvements on the intervention resources. The procedure\u2019s communication and technical obstacles are resoluble. Moreover, assimilation of external factors to adapt, such as the culture variation and the ABR protocol implementation are necessary. The study was well received in the selected region (Middle East), and the recording procedure showed potential outcomes for a comprehensive RCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1638137956000},"page":"1562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Key Challenges and Future Directions When Running Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Research Protocols with Newborns: A Music and Language EEG Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthymios","family":"Papatzikis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Early Childhood Education and Care, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9679-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elhalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Latifa Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, Dubai 9115, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannaiah Aubrey Mae","family":"Inocencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 415053, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Agapaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 71305 Iraklio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-0351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosari Naveena","family":"Selvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics 3\u2014Biophysics and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faseela Shejeed","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Latifa Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, Dubai 9115, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazreen Abdulla","family":"Haroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Latifa Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, Dubai 9115, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swarup Kumar","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Latifa Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, Dubai 9115, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sofologi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Laboratory, Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Centre of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Bezoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, R\u00f8yken Health Station, 3440 R\u00f8yken, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"The neuroscience of music; a review and summary","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. 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