{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:35:11Z","timestamp":1760236511380,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1182153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1182153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Co-funded Australian NHMRC\/National Heart Foundation Career Development\/Future Leader Fellowship","award":["GNT1110629\/ 100827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1110629\/ 100827"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) occurs 18\u201324 h after ischaemic stroke and is implicated as a potential cause of early neurological deterioration. Increased resistance to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow after ischaemic stroke is a proposed mechanism for ICP elevation. Ultra-short duration hypothermia prevents ICP elevation 24 h post-stroke in rats. We aimed to determine whether hypothermia would reduce CSF outflow resistance post-stroke. Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed, followed by gradual cooling to 33 \u00b0C. At 18 h post-stroke, CSF outflow resistance was measured using a steady-state infusion method. Results: Hypothermia to 33 \u00b0C prevented ICP elevation 18 h post-stroke (hypothermia \u2206ICP = 0.8 \u00b1 3.6 mmHg vs. normothermia \u2206ICP = 4.4 \u00b1 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04) and reduced infarct volume 24 h post-stroke (hypothermia = 78.6 \u00b1 21.3 mm3 vs. normothermia = 108.1 \u00b1 17.8 mm3; p = 0.01). Hypothermia to 33 \u00b0C did not result in a significant reduction in CSF outflow resistance compared with normothermia controls (0.32 \u00b1 0.36 mmHg\/\u00b5L\/min vs. 1.07 \u00b1 0.99 mmHg\/\u00b5L\/min, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Hypothermia treatment was protective in terms of ICP rise prevention, infarct volume reduction, and may be implicated in CSF outflow resistance post-stroke. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of ICP elevation and hypothermia treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1638304167000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decreased Intracranial Pressure Elevation and Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow Resistance: A Potential Mechanism of Hypothermia Cerebroprotection Following Experimental Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Omileke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Bothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Pepperall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3720-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Coupland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adjanie","family":"Patabendige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12181","article-title":"Short-Duration Hypothermia after Ischemic Stroke Prevents Delayed Intracranial Pressure Rise","volume":"9","author":"Murtha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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