{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:40:03Z","timestamp":1785325203965,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with muscle and nerve injuries as a consequence of prolonged critical illness or the infection itself. In this study, we evaluated neuromuscular involvement in patients who underwent post-acute intensive rehabilitation after COVID-19. Methods: Clinical and neurophysiological evaluations, including nerve conduction studies and electromyography, were performed on 21 consecutive patients admitted for rehabilitation after COVID-19. Results: Clinical signs suggesting muscle or nerve involvement (weakness, reduced deep tendon reflexes, impaired sensitivity, abnormal gait) were found in 19 patients. Neurophysiological examinations confirmed neuromuscular involvement in 17 patients: a likely association of critical illness myopathy (CIM) and critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) was found in 5 patients; CIM alone was found in 4 patients; axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy was found in 4 patients (CIP in 2 patients, metabolic polyneuropathy in 2 patients); Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome was found in 2 patients (classical demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy, respectively); peroneal nerve injury was found in 1 patient; and pre-existing L4 radiculopathy was found in 1 patient. Conclusions: Neuromuscular involvement is a very common finding among patients admitted for rehabilitation after COVID-19, and proper investigation should be conducted when muscle or nerve injury is suspected for adequate rehabilitative strategy planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T22:18:42Z","timestamp":1638829122000},"page":"1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["COVID-19 Neuromuscular Involvement in Post-Acute Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6289-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Bagnato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfredi","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Boccagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Prestandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Angela","family":"Bellavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurophysiology, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01102-5","article-title":"Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Andalib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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