{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:04:50Z","timestamp":1772625890365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alana's Foundation","award":["124124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124124"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202237\/2014\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202237\/2014\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For many decades, neurons have been the central focus of studies on the mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative aspects of Down syndrome (DS). Astrocytes, which were once thought to have only a passive role, are now recognized as active participants of a variety of essential physiological processes in the brain. Alterations in their physiological function have, thus, been increasingly acknowledged as likely initiators of or contributors to the pathogenesis of many nervous system disorders and diseases. In this study, we carried out a series of real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in hippocampal astrocytes derived from neonatal Ts65Dn and euploid control mice using a Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer. Our results revealed a significant basal OCR increase in neonatal Ts65Dn astrocytes compared with those from control mice, indicating increased oxidative phosphorylation. ECAR did not differ between the groups. Given the importance of astrocytes in brain metabolic function and the linkage between astrocytic and neuronal energy metabolism, these data provide evidence against a pure \u201cneurocentric\u201d vision of DS pathophysiology and support further investigations on the potential contribution of disturbances in astrocytic energy metabolism to cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration associated with DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12010083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T03:41:32Z","timestamp":1641440492000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evidence of Energy Metabolism Alterations in Cultured Neonatal Astrocytes Derived from the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna L.","family":"Zampieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6090, USA"},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto C. S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6090, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6090, USA"},{"name":"Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6090, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735","article-title":"Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004\u20132006","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. A Clin. Mol. 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