{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:36:31Z","timestamp":1790008591281,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are common but underreported in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and have negative impacts on the quality of life (QoL) and partnership. Methods: We analyzed the data set from the PRISM study for demographics of SD and their influence on quality of life and partnership. Results: 449\/861 (52.1%) PD patients reported SD, with male patients being affected more often and having a longer course of disease. The most common SD in men was erectile dysfunction (ED) (n = 152), while women\u2019s most frequent complaints were orgasm dysfunction (n = 84) and reduced libido (n = 81). Hypersexual SDs were reported significantly more often by men. Spousal caregivers of patients reporting inability to relax and enjoy sex and reduced libido indicated a negative influence on the relationship in general. Negative effects on the sexual relationship were reported significantly more often for patients with ED, difficulties with sexual arousal, inability to relax and enjoy sex, and reduced libido. Hypersexual dysfunctions showed no effect on the relationship. Conclusion: SD is a common but underreported problem in the treatment of patients with PD. Due to the negative influence on the relationship and QoL of patients and caregivers, SD should be assessed routinely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:44:33Z","timestamp":1643143473000},"page":"159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Sexual Dysfunctions in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Their Influence on Partnership\u2014Data of the PRISM Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kinateder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Hospital, 14547 Beelitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, BIAL, 4745-457 Trofa, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Hospital, 14547 Beelitz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hatzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2014University Medicine Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Ebersbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Hospital, 14547 Beelitz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2874-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Gandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Hospital, 14547 Beelitz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.09.012","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"172","author":"Elbaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945","article-title":"The prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181474","article-title":"The emerging evidence of the Parkinson pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.004","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhuri, K.R., and Odin, P. (2010). The challenge of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier B.V.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(10)84017-8"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.07.032","article-title":"Prevalence of non motor features in a cohort of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"115","author":"Khedr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.023","article-title":"Quality of Life and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"133","author":"Barone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12458","article-title":"Nonmotor Symptoms in Nursing Home Residents with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Prevalence and Effect on Quality of Life","volume":"61","author":"Weerkamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.10.008","article-title":"Sexual Disorders and Quality of Life in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537","article-title":"Sexual Dysfunction in the United States","volume":"281","author":"Laumann","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230490258893","article-title":"Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"30","author":"Bronner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sex Marital Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26739","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in women with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Varanda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.10.008","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Meco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611411504","article-title":"Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Bronner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bronner, G., Aharon-Peretz, J., and Hassin-Baer, S. (2015). Sexuality in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and other dementias. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier B.V.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63247-0.00017-1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1649-8","article-title":"The impact of Parkinson disease on patients\u2019 sexuality and relationship","volume":"124","author":"Buhmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01408.x","article-title":"Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction among Persons with Young-Onset Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"7","author":"Wielinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1309","article-title":"The Parkinson\u2019s Real-World Impact Assessment (PRISM) Study: A European Survey of the Burden of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Patients and their Carers","volume":"11","author":"Tolosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844","article-title":"International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson\u2019s disease: The NMSQuest study","volume":"21","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22571","article-title":"Validation of the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Weintraub","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart, A.L., and Ware, J.E. (1992). Social functioning: Sexual problems measures. Measuring Functioning and Well-Being: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach, Duke University Press.","DOI":"10.7249\/CB361"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.019","article-title":"Sexual Dysfunctions in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: An Underrated Problem in a Much Discussed Disorder","volume":"134","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.06.010","article-title":"Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease: A Multicenter Italian Cross-sectional Study on a Still Overlooked Problem","volume":"17","author":"Raciti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70068-7","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(01)00295-8","article-title":"Questionnaire-based assessment of pelvic organ dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"653","article-title":"Pr\u00e4valenzsch\u00e4tzungen sexueller Dysfunktionen anhand der neuen ICD-11-Leitlinien","volume":"117","author":"Briken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.034","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Women and Men: A Consensus Statement from the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine 2015","volume":"13","author":"McCabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Sexual Dysfunction in Early-Onset Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study","volume":"10","author":"Urso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of Sex on the Nonmotor Symptoms and the Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"2016","author":"Makkos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21586","article-title":"Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease in an international setting; Study using nonmotor symptoms questionnaire in 545 patients","volume":"22","author":"Schapira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1013-1","article-title":"Gender differences in cholinergic and dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson disease","volume":"120","author":"Kotagal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.05.013","article-title":"Gender differences in nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation are present at young-to-middle but not at older age in normal adults","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.09.002","article-title":"Sex differences in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Features on clinical symptoms, treatment outcome, sexual hormones and genetics","volume":"50","author":"Cabezas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.03.010","article-title":"Sex differences in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other movement disorders","volume":"259","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.02.002","article-title":"Sex differences in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Gillies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.02.009","article-title":"Effects of gender on nigral gene expression and parkinson disease","volume":"26","author":"Bouzou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000169","article-title":"Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation carriers","volume":"82","author":"Weiduschat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.10.017","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"67","author":"Papatsoris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2009.7","article-title":"A population-based survey of sexual activity, sexual problems and associated help-seeking behavior patterns in mature adults in the United States of America","volume":"21","author":"Laumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900567","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence and epidemiology of erectile dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"McKinlay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60520-0","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction","volume":"381","author":"Shamloul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.04.006","article-title":"Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"133","author":"Weintraub","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1505-6","article-title":"Sexuelle delinquenz und morbus Parkinson","volume":"74","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12155","article-title":"Hypersexuality in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Systematic Review and Report of 7 New Cases","volume":"2","author":"Codling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04328-2","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in male patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Related factors and impact on quality of life","volume":"41","author":"Shalash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26016","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Weintraub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70794-1","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Prevalence and possible risk factors","volume":"15","author":"Weintraub","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12646","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Don\u2019t set your mind at rest by self-assessments","volume":"22","author":"Valko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-4222(94)00028-8","article-title":"Quality of life: Its definition and measurement","volume":"16","author":"Felce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22868","article-title":"The nondeclaration of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease to health care professionals: An international study using the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire","volume":"25","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(01)00015-3","article-title":"Non-recognition of depression and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Shulman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.02.018","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: The non-motor issues","volume":"17","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"717","article-title":"The Use of Digital Technology and Media in German Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"10","author":"Marxreiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/2\/159\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:07:33Z","timestamp":1760134053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/2\/159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci12020159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12020159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}}}