{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:05:05Z","timestamp":1791889505039,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARI 2017. ANR","award":["ANR-17-CE28-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE28-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In children, single-sided deafness (SSD) affects the development of linguistic and social skills and can impede educational progress. These difficulties may relate to cortical changes that occur following SSD, such as reduced inter-hemispheric functional asymmetry and maladaptive brain plasticity. To investigate these neuronal changes and their evolution in children, a non-invasive technique is required that is little affected by motion artifacts. Here, we present a research protocol that uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the reorganization of cortical auditory asymmetry in children with SSD; it also examines how the cortical changes relate to auditory and language skills. The protocol is designed for children whose SSD has not been treated, because hearing restoration can alter both brain reorganization and behavioral performance. We propose a single-center, cross-sectional study that includes 30 children with SSD (congenital or acquired moderate-to-profound deafness) and 30 children with normal hearing (NH), all aged 5\u201316 years. The children undergo fNIRS during monaural and binaural stimulation, and the pattern of cortical activity is analyzed using measures of the peak amplitude and area under the curve for both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. These cortical measures can be compared between the two groups of children, and analyses can be run to determine whether they relate to binaural hearing (speech-in-noise and sound localization), speech perception and production, and quality of life (QoL). The results could be of relevance for developing individualized rehabilitation programs for SSD, which could reduce patients\u2019 difficulties and prevent long-term neurofunctional and clinical consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Functional Reorganization of the Central Auditory System in Children with Single-Sided Deafness: A Protocol Using fNIRS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marie-No\u00eblle","family":"Calmels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohan","family":"Gallois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31052 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5549, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Purpan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Deguine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31052 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5549, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Purpan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumia","family":"Taoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31052 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5549, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Purpan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuzma","family":"Strelnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2032Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, d\u2032Oto-Neurologie et d\u2032ORL P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31059 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0125-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, 31052 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"UMR 5549, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Purpan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31055 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946006900304","article-title":"LIII Etiology of Unilateral Total Deafness Studied in a Series of Children and Young Adults","volume":"69","author":"Everberg","year":"1960","journal-title":"Ann. 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